Embonini yokucubungula imishini e-Shandong, -ithuluzi{1}}lomshini wokugxiviza{1}}yeminyaka emithathu ubudala libe nokuchezuka kokunemba kokuma ngenxa yokuminyana kwamasondo esandla, likhiqiza imikhiqizo eyi-1,200 engasebenzi kahle ngenyanga, nokulahlekelwa okuqondile okudlula ama-yuan angu-80,000. Lokhu "ingxenye encane" esetshenziswa njalo - isondo lesandla eligxiviza, uma linganakekelwa kahle, lizophazamisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi libangele izingozi zokuphepha kakhulu. Ihlanganisa{9}}isipiliyoni sokulungisa umugqa wangaphambili, lesi sihloko sihlaziya amaphuzu okunakekelaukunyathela amasondo ezandla kusuka kubukhulu obuhlanu: ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo, ukunakekelwa kwansuku zonke,{0}}ukunakekela okujulile, ukuxazulula inkinga, nezincomo zokukhetha, ukusiza abasebenzisi bagweme "izingxenye ezincane ezidala izinkinga ezinkulu."
Imenyu Yokuqukethwe
Izikhulumi namahabhu: uhlaka lwamathambo oluyingqikithi oluphethe itorque
Isibambo kanye ne-shaft: uxhumano oluyisihluthulelo-lokusebenzelana komshini womuntu
Ama-Bearings kanye nezimpawu: "amalunga" aqinisekisa ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo
Isikali nedivayisi yokumisa: ingxenye eyinhloko yokulawula ukunemba
Ukuhlanza nokususwa kothuli: isinyathelo sokuqala sokugwema ukuguga kwezinhlayiyana
Ukugcotshwa nokugcinwa kahle: umhlahlandlela wokukhetha amafutha ezingxenye ezahlukene
Ukuqinisa ukuhlola: gwema ukuxegisa "-indlela yezinyathelo ezintathu"
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: indlela elula yokuthola izingozi ezifihliwe ngokushesha
Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kwe-disassembly: amathuluzi namaphuzu okurekhoda
Ukuhlola okutholakalayo: izindinganiso ezintathu zokwahlulela ukuthi kushintshwa yini
Ukwelashwa kwendawo: izindlela eziqondile zokususa ukugqwala nokuvimbela ukugqwala
Ukulinganisa okunembayo: isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuma okunembile
Umsindo ongajwayelekile: thola indawo enephutha emthonjeni womsindo
I-Rotation jam:{0}}izinyathelo ezinhlanu zendlela yokuxazulula inkinga yokuxazulula inkinga ye-jamming
Isibambo esixegayo: amakhono okulungisa ukugqoka kwentambo
Ukuchezuka kokuma: izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokulinganisa isikali
Ukufanisa umthwalo: khetha izinto ezisetshenziswayo ngokuya ngemvamisa yokunyathela
Ukujwayela imvelo: izidingo ezikhethekile zezigcawu ezinomswakama nezinothuli
I-Ergonomics: umthelela ongaqondile wedizayini yesibambo ekulungisweni
Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo sokugxiviza kwamasondo esandla: qonda isakhiwo ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngokulungiswa
① Izikhulumi namahabhu: i I-core skeleton ethwala i-torque
Idizayini yesakhiwo: Izikhulumi ngokuvamile ziwuhlobo olukhulunywayo-(3-6 Root) noma uhlobo oluqinile, okokusebenza ngokuyinhloko kuyinsimbi ewugqinsi (umthamo womthwalo > 50N・m) noma ialloy ye-aluminium (elula, umthamo wokulayisha 20-50N・m). Isondo lesandla lomshini wokubumba lalenziwe ngensimbi engaphansi. Ngemuva konyaka owodwa wokusetshenziswa, ama-spokes aqhekeka, okuholele ekuhlulekeni kokubeka indawo.
Ukugxila kwesondlo: Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesikhulumi kanye nehabhu (indawo yokugxilisa ingqondo) kudinga ukuhlolwa njalo. Imboni ethile yesikhunta yezimoto ithole imifantu emincane engu-0.5mm kusengaphambili ngokuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana kazibuthe, igwema ingozi yokulahlwa kwesikhunta.
② Isibambo kanye ne-shaft: uxhumano oluyinhloko{0}}lokusebenzelana komshini womuntu
Indlela yokuxhuma: Isibambo sixhunywe ku-shaft ngokhiye (ukhiye oyisicaba/i-spline) noma intambo, futhi uxhumo oluluchungechunge ludinga ukwelashwa-okuxegayo (okufana nokwengeza iwasha yasentwasahlobo). Imboni yamathuluzi omshini ayizange isebenzise iglue-ekhululayo, okuholele ekutheni isibambo sixege izikhathi ezingu-3 ngenyanga, kuphazamise ukunemba kokucubungula.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo: Izinto ezivamile zesibambo amapulasitiki obunjiniyela be-ABS (alula) noma i-phenolic resin (izinga lokushisa elimelana ne-degrees angu-120), kanye nezibambo zensimbi (njengensimbi engagqwali) ziyadingeka ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu.
③ Amabhodi kanye nezimpawu: "amalunga" ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo
Uhlobo lwe-bearing: ama-bearing bearings (ukunakekela-mahhala, afanele isivinini esiphansi) noma ama-rolling bearings (ama-ball bearing/ama-tapered bearings,{1}}izimo ezinesivinini esiphezulu). Isondo lesandla lomshini othile wokucindezela lisebenzisa ama-sliding bearings kodwa aligcotshisiwe, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwama-40% kokumelana nokujikeleza kanye nokwanda kwamandla okusebenza ukusuka ku-8N kuya ku-12N.
Isakhiwo se-seal: i-lip seal (i-dustproof) noma i-labyrinth seal (engangeni manzi). Ngenxa yokwehluleka kwendandatho yophawu embonini yemishini yokudla, uthuli lukafulawa lwangena ebhereni, okwenza isondo lesandla ligxume kabili ngenyanga.
④ Isikali nokubeka idivayisi: izingxenye ezibalulekile zokulawula ukunemba
Uhlobo lwesikali: isikali sensimbi (-siyamelana) noma i-laser etching (ukunemba ±0.5℃). Ngenxa yokuguga kwesikali, umshini othile wokufaka isitembu onembayo ubangele ukuchezuka kwendawo okungaphezu kwedigri engu-1 kanye nesilinganiso esinesici esingu-5%.
Idivayisi yokuma: ukubeka iphinikhodi yasentwasahlobo (elula) noma ukuma kwe-hydraulic (ukunemba okuphezulu), futhi amandla asentwasahlobo adinga ukuhlolwa njalo (okujwayelekile: amandla okusetha kabusha Amakhulu noma alingana no-5N).
Isondlo sansuku zonke: imizuzu eyi-10 ngosuku, amaphutha ambalwa angama-90%.
① Ukuhlanza nokususwa kothuli: isinyathelo sokuqala sokugwema ukuguga kwezinhlayiyana
Ukukhetha ithuluzi: sebenzisa isibhamu somoya (umfutho womoya 0.4-0.6MPa) ukuze ukhiphe uthuli olungaphezulu, sebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile + okokuhlanza okungathathi hlangothi (njenge-WD-40 diluent) ukuze uthole amabala anenkani, futhi ungasebenzisi insimbi yensimbi (izonwaya phezulu).
Izindawo eziyinhloko: unqenqema lophawu, umsele wesikali (okulula ukunqwabelana uthuli), ifektri ethile ye-elekthronikhi yabangela ukuba isikali sifiphazwe ngenxa yokunqwabelana kothuli emseleni wesikali, futhi isikhathi sokulungiswa kwesikhunta sikhuphuke ngemizuzu emi-3 isikhathi ngasinye.
② Ukuthambisa kanye nokugcinwa: umhlahlandlela wokukhetha amafutha ezingxenyeni ezahlukene
| Izingxenye | Umjikelezo wokugcoba | Amafutha anconyiwe | Amaphuzu okusebenza |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amabhere | Kanye ngeshifti ngayinye | I-Lithium-based grease (NLGI 2#) | Inani kufanele libe lanele ukugcwalisa i-1/3 yesikhala sokuthwala |
| Intambo ye-shaft | Kanye ngesonto | I-Molybdenum disulfide paste | Gcoba ngokulinganayo emazinyweni entambo ukuze ugweme izigaxa |
| Ukukhiya intwasahlobo | Kanye ngenyanga | Amafutha e-Silicone | Fafaza indawo yasentwasahlobo ukuze uvimbele ukugqwala nokubola |
Qaphela: idatha ivela kubhukwana lokuthambisa le-SKF, elifanele izinga lokushisa elivamile nezimo zomthwalo ophakathi nendawo
③ Ukuqinisa ukuhlolwa: "indlela-yezinyathelo ezintathu" ukuvimbela ukuxega
Ukuhlola okubonakalayo: bheka ukuthi ingabe likhona yini igebe phakathi kwesibambo noxhumo lwe-shaft (okujwayelekile: Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-0.2mm), ifekthri ethile yemishini yaziba igebe elingu-0.5mm, okubangele ukuguga kokhiye ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-3.
Ukuhlolwa kwetorque: Sebenzisa i-torque wrench ukuze uthole itorque eqinisayo yesibambo (inani elinconyiwe: Uchungechunge lwe-M8 20-25N・m). Isondo lesandla lomshini othile wokubumba umjovo lashelela ngesikhathi kulungiswa isikhunta ngenxa yetorque enganele (15N・m).
Ukwelapha{0}}okuxegayo: Maka umugqa omelene-oxegisayo engxenyeni yokuxhuma enentambo, futhi{2}}uqinise kabusha lapho ukuchezuka kudlula u-2mm. Ulayini othile wokukhiqiza izimoto wehlise izinga lokuxegisa isibambo ukusuka ku-15% ukuya ku-1% ngale ndlela.
④ Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: Izindlela ezilula zokuthola ngokushesha izingozi ezifihliwe
Ukumelana nokujikeleza: Uma uzungezisa isondo lesandla ngaphandle komthwalo, ukumelana kufanele kube Ngaphansi noma kulingane no-5N (kutholwe isikali sasentwasahlobo). Uma idlula i-8N, hlola isimo sokuthwala noma sokuthambisa.
Ukunemba kokuma: Jikela esikalini esithile, phinda izikhathi ezi-3 ukuze ulinganise ukuchezuka, futhi ulinganise uma idlula idigri engu-±1. Ngakho-ke imboni yokugxiviza ngokunemba ithole inkinga yokugqoka amagiya kusenesikhathi.
Ngokujulile- maintenance: ukuqaqa njalo ukuvimbela izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke
① Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuhlakazwa: amathuluzi namaphoyinti okurekhoda
Uhlu lwamathuluzi: idonsa (yokuqaqa amabheringi), inkomba yokudayela (yokulinganisa i-coaxiality), i-torque wrench (ukunemba ±2%). Ithimba labalungisayo lalintula umshini wokudonsa okhethekile nokulihlakaza ngenkani, okwaholela ekuthwaleni umonakalo.
Irekhodi lesimo: dweba ukuma kwesikali samanje sesondo lesandla kanye nendawo yomsindo ongajwayelekile lapho ibherethi iphenduka. Imboni yamathuluzi omshini ayizange irekhode isimo sokuqala, okuholele ekuphambukeni kokuma ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa kabusha, futhi ukusebenza kabusha kuthathe amahora angu-2.
② Ukuhlolwa kwempahla: izindinganiso ezintathu zokwahlulela ukuthi kushintshwa yini
Ukutholwa kokugqoka: sebenzisa i-micrometer ukuze ulinganise ububanzi bangaphakathi bebheringi. Uma inani eligqokwayo lingaphezu kuka-0.05mm (kumabheringi angu-φ50mm), kufanele lishintshwe. Umshini wokufoja awuzange ubeke esikhundleni se-bearing ngoba wawugqokwe u-0.1mm, okuholele ekuphumeni kwesondo lesandla elingaphezu kuka-0.3mm.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-clearance: Uma imvume ye-axial inkulu kuno-0.2mm noma imvume ye-radial inkulu kuno-0.1mm, ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kuyadingeka. Umshini wokunyathelisa udlulise leli zinga futhi wandisa umjikelezo wokufaka esikhundleni kusukela onyakeni ongu-1 kuye kwabangu-1.5.
Isimo sokugcotshwa: Khipha i-bearing ukuze ubheke amafutha. Uma iba mnyama (oxidized) noma i-agglomerated, idinga ukuhlanzwa futhi igcotshwe ngisho noma ingagqokile. Ngakho-ke imboni yokudla iye yagwema ingozi yokungcolisa umkhiqizo.
③ Ukwelashwa kwendawo: Izindlela eziqondile zokususa ukugqwala nokuvikela ukugqwala
Izinyathelo zokususa ukugqwala: Gxilisa izingxenye ezigqwalile kusixazululo se-citric acid esingu-10% amahora ama-2, bese uzihlanza ngebhulashi lethusi. Imishini yezimayini yasebenzisa i-hydrochloric acid ukuze isuse ukugqwala, okwabangela ukugqwala kwensimbi kushube.
Ukwelapha -okugqwala: Futha i-rust inhibitor (njenge-CRC 03083). Ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti kukhombisa ukuthi ukumelana nokugqwala kuyanda kusuka emahoreni angama-300 kuya emahoreni angama-800 ngemuva kokwelashwa, okufanele izimo ezisogwini lolwandle.
④ Ukunemba calibration: isinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuma okunembile
Ukulinganisa i-Coaxiality: lungisa isondo lesandla ku-spindle, sebenzisa inkomba yokudayela ukuze ulinganise ukuphuma kwerimu lesondo, futhi ulungise indawo yokuthwala lapho idlula u-0.1mm. Imboni yokubumba enembayo ithuthukise ukunemba kokugxiviza kusuka ku-±0.2mm kuya ku-±0.05mm ngokulinganisa.
Scale calibration: use the machine tool zero point as the reference, calibrate each scale in turn, and re-mark when the error is >0.5 degree. Ifekthri ethile yokubumba ikhava yezimoto inyuse izinga lokuphasa izingxenye zokugxiviza lisuka ku-92% laya ku-98%.
Ukuphatha iphutha elivamile: impendulo esheshayo yokunciphisa ukulahleka kwesikhathi sokuphumula
① Umsindo ongajwayelekile: cacisa indawo enephutha emthonjeni womsindo
Umsindo ozwakalayo ongajwayelekile: "chofoza" umsindo → ukugqokwa kwebhola (shintsha i-bearing), umsindo "we-rustling" → ukugcotshwa okunganele (okuhlanzekile namafutha), ifekthri ethile yomshini isebenzisa ukuma kwe-stethoscope ukuze ifinyeze isikhathi sokuxazulula izinkinga ukusuka ehoreni eli-1 ukuya emizuzwini eyi-10.
Ukudlidliza okukhulunywayo: umsindo ongavamile ngesikhathi esiphezulu- sokuzungezisa isivinini → ukungalingani kwebhalansi okuguquguqukayo, isisindo esikhulunywayo siyadingeka (ukunemba okunconyiwe kweleveli ye-G6.3), imboni yezimoto ixazulule inkinga ye-resonance ngo-1500rpm.
② I-Rotation jam: -izinyathelo ezinhlanu zendlela yokuxazulula inkinga yokuxazulula inkinga ye-jam
Ukuhlola okokugcoba: qala ungeze amafutha okusebenza kwesilingo, u-40% wejamu ubangelwa ukuthambisa okunganele.
Ukuhlola uphawu: khipha indandatho yophawu bese uhlanza izinto zangaphakathi zangaphandle (okuvamile: amafayili ensimbi, imicu), imboni yemishini yezindwangu ixazulule ujamu obangelwa ukuvinjelwa koboya bekotini.
Ukuvunyelwa komdlalo: linganisa imvume phakathi kwe-shaft kanye ne-bearing, buyisela i-bearing uma idlula u-0.1mm, umshini wokunyathelisa unciphise ukumelana nokujikeleza kwe-handwheel kusuka ku-15N kuya ku-6N.
Ukuhlola ukwakheka: sebenzisa-irula ye-engeli engakwesokudla ukuze ulinganise ukuma kwe-engeli eqondile, futhi uyilungise noma uyishintshe uma idlula idigri engu-1. Isondo lesandla lomshini wokunyathelisa womgunyathi laliminyene ngenxa yokushayisana, futhi labuyela kwesijwayelekile ngemva kokulungiswa.
Idivayisi yokumisa: hlola amandla entwasahlobo wephinikhodi, buyisela intwasahlobo uma ingaphansi kuka-3N, umshini wokunyathelisa uxazulule ujamu ngemva kokumiswa.
③ Isibambo esixegayo: Amathiphu okulungisa okugqoka kwentambo
Ukugqokwa okuncane: Faka ilokha yentambo (efana ne-Loctite 243), futhi i-torque izokhuphuka ngo-30% ngemva kokwelashwa. Ulayini othile wokukhiqiza imoto usebenzise le ndlela ukunciphisa izinga lokuxegisa isibambo ukusuka ezikhathini ezi-5 ngeviki ukuya kwezingu-0.
Ukugqokwa okuqinile: Uma ushintsha osayizi bentambo abakhulu (abanjengo-M8 ukuya ku-M10), isibambo kufanele sishintshwe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Imboni yamathuluzi omshini othile ixazulule inkinga yokushintshwa kwezibambo njalo.
④ Ukuchezuka kokuma: Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokulinganisa isikali
Ukulinganisa iphuzu elinguziro: Lungisa ngokuzenzela isikhunta endaweni eyiziro yomshini bese umaka isikali sesondo lesandla.
Ukulinganiswa kwesegimenti: Linganisa kanye njalo ngo-90℃, sebenzisa imakhromitha ukukala indawo yesikhunta, futhi ulungise isitika sesikali lapho ukuchezuka kukukhulu kuno-0.1mm.
Ukuqinisekisa okunamandla: Vula isondo lesandla ngokuqhubekayo emibuthanweni emi-5 bese uqopha iphutha lokuma. Imboni ethile yokunemba isitembu ilawule ukunemba kokuma ukusuka ku-±0.3mm ukuya ku-±0.05mm ngale nqubo.
Iziphakamiso zokukhetha: Ukukhetha okulungile kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa
① Ukufanisa ukulayisha: Khetha izinto ngokuya ngemvamisa yokushaya
Imvamisa ephansi (<10 times/minute): Select ABS handle + cast iron spoke (low cost, simple maintenance), such as AIDA small punch handwheel, maintenance cycle 3 months.
Imvamisa emaphakathi (izikhathi eziyi-10-30/ngomzuzu): Khetha i-aluminium alloy ekhulume + i-ball bearing (ukukhipha ukushisa okuhle, ukumelana nokukhathala), njenge-Jinfeng punch handwheel, umjikelezo wesondlo izinyanga ezi-2.
High frequency (>Izikhathi ezingu-30/ngomzuzu): Khetha i-steel spoke + self{2}}i-lubricating bear (ukunakekela-mahhala), njenge-Tiantian precision punch handwheel, umjikelezo wokunakekela izinyanga ezingu-6.
② Ukujwayela imvelo: izidingo ezikhethekile zezigcawu ezinomswakama nezinothuli
Indawo eswakeme: Khetha i-stainless steel spoke engu-304 + perfluoroether rubber seal, ngakho-ke i-handwheel yasefekthri yokugezela izonciphisa imvamisa yokugqwala isuka kanye ngenyanga iye kanye ngonyaka.
Indawo enothuli: khetha i-labyrinth seal + isembozo sothuli, umjikelezo wokunakekela isondo lesandla lesitshalo sikasimende wanwetshwa kusukela ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kuya ezinyangeni ezi-2, futhi izinga lokuhluleka lehla ngo-70%.
High temperature environment (>I-150℃): khetha isibambo se-phenolic resin + amafutha okushisa aphezulu (izinga lokushisa elimelana namadigri angu-200), ngakho-ke isondo lesandla lesitshalo sokubumba ligweme inkinga yokuguqulwa kwesibambo.
③ Ergonomics: Umthelela ongaqondile wedizayini yesibambo ekulungisweni
Isibambo se-diameter: Ububanzi obungcono kakhulu bokubamba bungama-40-50mm. I-diameter ye-handwheel yefekthri yemishini ingu-60mm, okuholela ekwenyukeni kwamandla okusebenza ngo-20%, okubhebhethekise kakhulu ukuguga kwezimpahla.
Ukuthungwa -okushelelayo: Ukuthungwa kwedayimane kunokungqubuzana okukhulu ngo-30% kunokwakheka okuqondile. Isondo lesandla lefekthri ye-elekthronikhi linciphisa ukuxega ngephutha okubangelwa ukushelela.
Isifinyezo
Ukunakekelwa kwamasondo ezandla okugxiviza ngokuyisisekelo “kungamaphuzu amathathu ekukhethweni, amaphuzu ayisikhombisa okunakekela”: lapho kukhethwa, into kanye nesakhiwo kufanele kufaniswe ngokunembile ngokomthwalo kanye nendawo ezungezile, futhi{0}}uhlelo lwezingqimba ezintathu "lokuhlanza nsuku zonke + ukugcinwa okuvamile + nokulungiswa ngesikhathi" kufanele kulandelwe ngesikhathi sokulungiswa. Umkhuba we-OEM yemoto ethile ufakazele ukuthi ukuqaliswa okuqinile kwezinqubo zokunakekela kunganweba impilo yesondo lesandla ukusuka eminyakeni emi-2 kuye kweyi-5, futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokuphumula esibangelwa ukwehluleka okuhlobene ngo-80%. Okokusebenza kokugxiviza okunemvamisa yokusebenza okuphezulu kanye nezidingo ezinembayo eziqinile, kunconywa ukusungula "isisetshenziswa esisodwa ifayela elilodwa" ukuze urekhode isikhathi, okuqukethwe, nezingxenye ezishintshayo zokulungiswa ngakunye, nokwandisa umjikelezo wokunakekela ngokuqoqwa kwedatha. Njengoba unjiniyela wezinto eziphezulu asho: "Nakuba isondo lesandla lilincane, liyinodi eyinhloko ekusebenzisaneni komshini{9}}nomuntu. Ukwenza ukunakekelwa ngokwedlulele ukunciphisa izingozi zokukhiqiza."
