Njengengxenye eyinhloko yokusebenza yemishini yokulawula uketshezi, ikhwalithi yamasondo esandla e-valve ihlobene ngokuqondile nokuthembeka, ukuphepha kanye nempilo yesevisi yamasistimu ama-valve. Ngokusheshisa inqubo yokumiswa kwezimboni zomhlaba wonke, amazinga wokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi weamasondo ama-valvezibe ukhiye kubakhiqizi ukuthi bangene emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe futhi bathuthukise ukuncintisana kwabo. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya ngokuhlelekile isistimu yesitifiketi sekhwalithi yamasondo amasondo amavalvu kusukela kubukhulu bamazinga omhlaba, ukucaciswa komkhakha, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza nezindlela zokuhlola, futhi inikeza ireferensi egunyaziwe yabasebenzi bemboni.
Okuqukethwe
1. Izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zesitifiketi esijwayelekile
(1) Uhlelo lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi ye-ISO
(2) Ukucaciswa kwemboni ye-petroleum ye-API
(3) Isitifiketi somyalelo we-CE EU
2. Izidingo zesitifiketi ezithize zemboni{1}
(1) Amandla enuzi namazinga emboni yamakhemikhali
(2) Isitifiketi sokuphepha emlilweni
3. Amazinga wenqubo yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokukhiqiza
4. Izinto ezibalulekile zokuhlola ukusebenza
5. Amazinga okufinyelela ezimakethe zesifunda
6. Izitayela neziphakamiso zentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo
1. Izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zesitifiketi esijwayelekile
(1) Isitifiketi sesistimu yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi ye-ISO 9001
Njengesitifiketi esiyinhloko se-International Organization for Standardization (ISO), i-ISO 9001 idinga ukuthi amabhizinisi asungule{1}}inqubo yokuphatha ikhwalithi egcwele kusukela ekuthengeni impahla eluhlaza kuya ekulethweni komkhiqizo ophelile. Kumasondo ama-valve handwheel, izici ezilandelayo kumele zigxiliswe kuzo:
Ukulandeleka kokubalulekile: rekhoda iziqu zomphakeli kanye nolwazi lwenqwaba yensimbi, insimbi ecijile noma amapulasitiki obunjiniyela asetshenziselwa isondo lesandla.
Ukungaguquguquki kwenqubo: Ukulingisa, ukufoja, ukwenza imishini nezinye izinqubo kufanele kuhambisane ne-ISO 2768 (izinga lokubekezelela okujwayelekile) kanye ne-ISO 1217 (imininingwane yokuhlolwa kwe-compressor).
(2) Uhlelo lwesitifiketi se-API
Izindinganiso ze-American Petroleum Institute (API) zinegunya emkhakheni kawoyela negesi. Izitifiketi ezifanele zifaka:
I-API 609: Ngokuphathelene nokubekezelelana kobukhulu kanye nezidingo zetorque zokusebenza zamasondo ezandla zamavalvu ovemvane, kubalulwe ukuthi ububanzi besondo lesandla nokunemba okufanayo kwesiqu se-valve kufanele kufinyelele ku-±0.05mm.
I-API 607: Izinga lokuhlola umlilo, elidinga ukuthi isondo lesandla lihlale elangeni elingu-650℃imizuzu engu-30 ngaphandle kokwehluleka ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi wokuvala shaqa izimo eziphuthumayo.
(3) Isitifiketi se-CE (umyalelo we-EU)
Amasondo ezandla evaluvu angena emakethe yaseYurophu kumele aphumelele lezi ziqondiso ezilandelayo:
I-Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC: Qinisekisa idizayini ye-ergonomic yesondo lesandla, njengamandla okubamba Ngaphansi noma okulingana no-50N, irediyasi yomphetho Omkhulu noma olingana no-1mm ukuze uvimbele ukusikeka komsebenzisi.
I-Pressure Equipment Directive PED 2014/68/EU: Ukuze uthole ingcindezi-ephethe amasondo amavalvu esandla, ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yokuqhuma (ngokuvamile izikhathi ezingu-1.5 zengcindezi yokusebenza) kuyadingeka.
2. Izidingo zesitifiketi ezithize zemboni{1}
(1) Inkundla yamandla enuzi: Izinga le-ASME III
Amasondo esandla e-nuclear-ebanga le-nuclear kufanele ahlangabezane nezimfuneko eziqinile ze-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Volume III:
Ukumelana nemisebe yezinto ezibonakalayo: Kusetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali engu-316LN, futhi ukuqina komthelela ngemva kokushiswa kwe-neutron kumele kube Kukhulu noma kulingane no-41J8.
Ukuhlolwa kokuzamazama komhlaba: Dlula izinga le-IEEE 344 ukuze ulingise ubuqotho besakhiwo ngaphansi kwezimo ze-SSE (ukuzamazama okuphephile kokuvalwa komhlaba).
(2) Imboni yamakhemikhali: Isitifiketi sezinga lokuphepha le-SIL
Ngokwendinganiso ye-IEC 61508, isondo lesandla kufanele lifinyelele ku-SIL 2 noma ngaphezulu kusistimu yethuluzi lokuphepha, ngezinga lokuhluleka elingaphansi noma elilingana no-10^-6/h futhi liphumelele ukuqinisekiswa kwe-HALT (ukuhlolwa kwempilo okusheshiswe kakhulu).
3. Amazinga wenqubo yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokukhiqiza
(1) Imininingwane yensimbi
I-ASTM A216/A351: icacisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (okufana no-C Ngaphansi noma okulingana no-0.25%) kanye nenqubo yokwelapha ukushisa (okujwayelekile + ukufudumeza) kwensimbi ye-carbon steel namasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali.
I-GB/T 1220: Izinga likazwelonke lase-China lidinga ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kwe-intergranular kwamasondo esandla e-austenitic stainless steel kudlule indlela ye-sulfuric acid{1}}ye-copper sulfate.
(2) Izidingo{1}}okungezona zensimbi
I-FDA 21 CFR: Amasondo{1}ebanga lokudla asebenzisa i-PTFE noma i-EPDM, futhi inani lokufuduka kufanele libe<0.01mg/dm².
(3) Ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza
Ukusakaza okunembayo: bheka izinga le-ISO 8062-CT6, ubulukhuni bobuso obungu-Ra Ngaphansi noma bulingana no-12.5μm.
Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yokushisela: Isitifiketi se-WPS/PQR senziwa ngokwezinga le-ASME IX ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla okuxhumana phakathi kwesiqu se-valve nesondo lesandla.
4. Izinto ezibalulekile zokuhlola ukusebenza
(1) Ukuhlolwa kwamandla omshini
Ukuqina kwetorque: belingisa imijikelezo engu-100,000 yokuvula nokuvala, futhi izinga lokunciphisa itorque kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-5% (bheka i-API 6D).
Ukuqina kokuphuka: phumelela ukuhlolwa kwe-Charpy V-notch, futhi amandla omthelela ku--46℃Amakhulu noma alingana no-27J (i-American standard ASME B16.34).
(2) Ukubekwa uphawu ukuqinisekiswa
Ukutholwa kokuvuza kwe-spectrometer ye-helium mass: izinga lokuvuza Ngaphansi noma kulingana no-1×10^-6 mbar·L/s (ISO 15848-1 Ikilasi AH).
5. Amazinga okufinyelela ezimakethe zesifunda
(1) Isitifiketi esijwayelekile se-API RP 591 saseMelika
Ukuphathwa kwe-Supply chain: Abahlinzeki{0}}besigaba sesibili kufanele baphumelele ukuhlolwa kwe-NAVIC futhi amaminerali angqubuzanayo awavunyelwe.
Izinto zokuhlola okukhethekile: okuhlanganisa isiqu se-valve nokuhlolwa kwamandla okuxhunywa kwesondo lesandla (umthwalo Omkhulu noma olingana nezikhathi ezi-2 zamandla okusebenza aphezulu).
(2) IsiRashiya Isitifiketi se-EAC
I-ГОСТ 9544: idinga ukuthi isondo lesandla lihlolwe ukuvula nokuvala ku--60℃, ngokunyuka kwe-torque Okungaphansi noma okulingana no-20%.
6. Izitayela neziphakamiso zentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo
Isitifiketi esihlakaniphile: Yethula izinzwa ze-IoT ukuze ziqaphe isimo sesondo lesandla ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze zihlangabezane nezinga le-API 670 (uhlelo lokuvikela umshini).
Izidingo-zekhabhoni ephansi: I-EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) iphromotha ukusetshenziswa kwe-aluminium egaywe kabusha (izinga lokugaywa kabusha Ilikhulu noma lilingana no-90%) ekukhiqizweni kwesondo lesandla.
Isifinyezo
Isistimu yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yamasondo esandla amavalvu yenze -izinto ezijwayelekile zokumboza zenethiwekhi, izinqubo, ukusebenza nezimakethe. Amabhizinisi adinga ukukhetha indlela yesitifiketi ngokuya ngemakethe eqondiwe. Isibonelo, izimakethe zaseYurophu nezaseMelika zigxila ekutholeni isitifiketi se-API/CE, indawo yamandla enuzi idinga ukuhlangabezana ne-ASME III, futhi izimakethe ezisafufusa njengeSoutheast Asia kancane kancane zamukela uhlelo lokuhlanganisa lwe-ISO kanye namazinga endawo. Ngenqubo egcwele yokuqinisekiswa{4}}kwenkampani yangaphandle ehlolayo, ukuthobela umkhiqizo kanye nokuncintisana kwemakethe kungathuthukiswa kakhulu.
FAQ
1: Yiziphi izinhlobo zamasondo ezandla zamavalvu?
A1: Maningi amabhrendi aziwayo emakethe ahlinzeka ngamasondo amavalvu esandla. Lapho ukhetha, ungacabangela idumela lomkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
2: Yiziphi izindawo ezijwayelekile zokufaka isicelo samasondo amavalvu?
I-A2: Amasondo ezandla e-valve asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-petrochemical, amandla, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, imithi, ukudla nesiphuzo nezinye izimboni.
3: I-valve handwheel ihlanganiswe kanjani?
I-A3: Ivamise ukupakishwa emabhokisini enziwe ngokhuni, emakhathoni noma emaphaketheni angokwezifiso afanele{1}}ukuthutha nokubeka amabanga amade.
4: Ungakwazi yini ukunikeza amasampula amasondo ezandla valve?
I-A4: Yebo, amasampula anganikezwa ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuhlolwe amakhasimende.
Ithini inqubomgomo{0}}yesevisi yokuthengisa yangemuva kwamasondo amavalvu?
Hlinzeka ngezinsiza eziphelele ngemva{0}}zokuthengisa, okuhlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe nezisombululo.
