Amasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali ayizingxenye zokusebenza ezibalulekile emishinini yezimboni, imishini yezokwelapha, ukucubungula ukudla neminye imikhakha. Inqubo yabo yokwelapha ngaphezulu ithinta ngqo ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nolwazi lokusebenza komkhiqizo. Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokhahlo njengobunjiniyela basolwandle, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, ukukhethwa kobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwendawo kunquma ngokuqondile impilo yesevisi nokuphepha kwemishini. Ngokusekelwe kumazinga emboni nezinqubo zobunjiniyela, lesi sihloko sihlaziya ngokuhlelekile ubuchwepheshe bokwelapha phezulu bamasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali, futhi inikeza isiqondiso sochwepheshe sokuklama nokukhetha kuhlanganiswe nezidingo zendawo ebolayo.
Okuqukethwe
1. Izidingo ezibalulekile zokwelashwa okungaphezulu kwamasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali
2. Ukuqhathaniswa kobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokwelashwa kwendawo
3. Izixazululo ezikhethekile zokwelapha ezindaweni ezinokhahlo
4. Amasu okuvikela ezindaweni ezonakalisayo
5. Amaphuzu abalulekile okukhethwa kwenqubo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi
6. Amacala ezicelo zemboni kanye nombono wethrendi
1. Izidingo ezibalulekile zokwelashwa okungaphezulu kwamasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali
Ukusebenza kwamasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali ezindaweni ezigqwalile kuncike ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kokumelana nokugqwala kwento ngokwayo kanye nenqubo yokwelashwa kwendawo. Sithatha insimbi engagqwali engu-304/316 njengesibonelo, okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kwakha ifilimu ye-passivation, eyisisekelo sokuvikela ukugqwala, kodwa idinga ukuqiniswa ngokwengeziwe kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:
Ukuguguleka kwe-Chloride ion:Ezindaweni zasolwandle noma izimo zesifutho sikasawoti, ifilimu ye-passivation ibhujiswa kalula.
Xhumana nemidiya yamakhemikhali:izixazululo ze-asidi ne-alkali, izinyibilikisi eziphilayo, njll. zisheshisa ukugqwala nokugqwala kwengcindezi.
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nomswakama ophezulu:ukugqwala kwe-microbial kanye nokusabela kwe-oxidation kubekwe phezulu endaweni eshisayo nenomswakama.
Ukugqokwa komshini:ukusebenza njalo kubangela ukulimala kongqimba oluvikelayo olungaphezulu, okubangela ukugqwala kwendawo.
Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kufanele kuhlangabezane nemigomo emithathu elandelayo: ukwelula impilo yefilimu ye-passivation, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwendawo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhono lokulwa{0}}nokungcola.
2. Ukuqhathaniswa kobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokwelashwa kwendawo
(1) Inqubo yokwelapha ngomshini
Ukwelashwa kwe-sandblasting (ukuchama ngokudubula).
Ngokuthinta indawo engaphezulu-ngezinhlayiya zesihlabathi esinesivinini esikhulu, kwakheka ukwakheka okufanayo kwe-matte (Ra 3.2-6.3μm). Inzuzo yukuthi isusa ungqimba lwe-oxide futhi ithuthukise ukunamathela kokugqoka, okulungele izidingo zokulwa nokushelela kwemishini yezandla zezimboni. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kwe-sandblasting, ukwelashwa kwe-passivation kuyadingeka ukuze kubuyiselwe ukumelana nokugqwala.
Ukwelashwa kwemidwebo yocingo
Sebenzisa ukucutshungulwa komshini wokuthungwa okufana nemigqa eqondile nemigqa engahleliwe ukuze uthuthukise ukungqubuzana kokubamba kwesondo lesandla. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kumasondo esandla emishini yezokwelapha, kodwa imidiya ebolayo inqwabelana kalula ekucindezelekeni kokuthungwa, futhi i-coat evaliwe iyadingeka.
(2) Inqubo yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali
I-Pickling passivation
Susa ama-iron amahhala nge-nitric acid noma isixazululo se-citric acid futhi wakhe kabusha ifilimu ye-chromium-ecebile ye-passivation. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukumelana nokugoba kwensimbi engagqwali engu-316L efakwe emanzini angu-3.5% kusixazululo se-NaCl esingu-3.5% kuthuthukiswa ngo-40%.
Electrochemical polishing
Ncibilikisa ama-micro-ama-protrusions angaphezulu ane-electric current ku-acidic electrolyte ukuze uthole umphumela wesibuko kuyilapho ukhulisa ukuminyana kwefilimu yokwenziwa. Ifanele ukudla{2}}amasondo esandla esisetshenziswa ukuze kwehliswe ingcuphe yokunamathiselwa kwebhaktheriya.
(3) Ubuchwepheshe bokufakwa ngokomzimba
I-PVD (ukufakwa komhwamuko obonakalayo)
Deposit ceramic coatings such as TiN and CrN in a vacuum environment, with a surface hardness of more than HV2000, significantly improving wear resistance and salt spray resistance (>Amahora angu-1000 ngaphandle kokugqwala okubomvu). I-iPhone stainless steel middle frame isebenzisa le nqubo, futhi manje isinwetshiwe ekwakhiweni{2}}kwamasondo esandla amathuluzi aphezulu.
3. Izixazululo zokwelapha ezikhethekile zezindawo ezinokhahlo
(1) Indawo yasolwandle
I-Multi-ingxube eyinhlanganisela yongqimba: Isendlalelo esingezansi se-PVD CrN + isendlalelo sangaphandle se-electrophoretic epoxy resin, kucatshangelwa kokubili ubulukhuni nokumelana nokungena kwe-chloride ion.
I-Micro-i-arc oxidation: Ifilimu ye-ceramic ye-Al₂O₃ ikhiqizwa ku-electrolyte, futhi ukumelana nokugqwala kwamanzi olwandle kuphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-3 kunezinqubo zendabuko.
(2) Imvelo yokugqwala kwamakhemikhali
Ukukhulelwa kwe-Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE): Izinhlayiya ze-PTFE zishumekwe ezimbotsheni zendawo yensimbi engagqwali ukuze kuncishiswe indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-asidi nemidiya ye-alkali. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, impilo ye-valve ye-petrochemical handwheel ku-98% sulfuric acid yandiswa yaba yiminyaka emi-5.
I-Laser cladding: I-Co{{0}based alloy powder igqokwa phezulu ukuze yakhe ungqimba olungagqwali{1}}olufanelekela amasondo esandla ephampu ye-asidi eqinile.
(3) Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nemvelo yokucindezela okukhulu
Umbala wokushisa okuphezulu kwe-oxidation: Ngokulawula izinga lokushisa lokushisa (200-300 degree), ungqimba lwefilimu lwe-Fe₃O₄ lukhiqizwa phezulu, futhi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa kungafinyelela ku-500 degree. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa amasondo okulungisa imishini ye-boiler.
I-Plasma nitriding: ε{{0}Isigaba se-Fe₂-₃N kwakheka emkhathini we-ammonia, ubulukhuni bobuso bukhuphukela ku-HV1200, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukumelana ne-oxidation kuhle kakhulu.
4. Amasu okuvikela ezindaweni ezonakalisayo
(1) Ubuchwepheshe bokuqinisa ifilimu ye-Passivation
I-Chromium-i-ejenti ye-passivation yamahhala: i-molybdate ne-silane zithatha indawo ye-chromate yomdabu, enobungani bemvelo futhi enokumelana nokugqwala okufanayo. Ngemuva kokuthi isondo lesandla lempahla ethile yomkhumbi i-chromium{2}}iphelelwe amandla, liphumelele ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti samahora angu-480 endaweni elingisiwe yasolwandle.
(2) Umklamo wokumboza osebenzayo
Isistimu yokumboza i-gradient: ungqimba olungezansi lwe-nickel elenziwe nge-electroplated (5-10μm) lihlinzeka ngokuvikela kwe-cathodic, isendlalelo esimaphakathi se-PVD esipuletiwe i-AlCrN (2-3μm) sivimba imidiya ebolayo, futhi isendlalelo sangaphandle esifuthwe nge-fluorinated polymer (20-30μm) ifinyelela ukuzihlanza. Lo mklamo uvumela isondo lesandla ukuthi libe nempilo yesevisi yeminyaka engu-8 endaweni ye-hydrogen sulfide yendawo yokucwenga.
(3) Ukuvimbela nokulawula ukugqwala kwe-Microbial
Ag-Ukufakwa kwe-Cu ion: Ungqimba lwensimbi olulwa namagciwane kwakheka phezulu ngobuchwepheshe bokufakelwa kwe-ion ukuvimbela umsebenzi we-sulfate{1}}reducing bacteria (SRB). Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi izinga lokugqwala kwesondo elilashwayo emanzini olwandle amagciwane lehla ngo-76%.
5. Amaphuzu abalulekile okukhethwa kwenqubo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi
(1) Imatrix yesinqumo sokukhetha
(2) Amanodi okulawula ikhwalithi ebalulekile
Ukuhlanzeka kokwelashwa kwangaphambili: Igrisi eyinsalela yendawo kufanele ibe Ngaphansi noma ilingane no-5mg/m² (izinga le-ISO 8502-3).
Ukushuba kwefilimu ye-Passivation: Isilinganiso se-XPS sokuhlolwa kwe-Cr/Fe kufanele sibe Khulu noma silingane no-1.5 (ASTM A967).
I-Coating adhesion: Ukuhlola-okunqunyiwe kufinyelela ku-ISO 2409 Class 1.
6. Amacala ezicelo zemboni kanye nombono wethrendi
(1) Ukuhlaziywa kwecala elijwayelekile
I-handwheel-yasolwandle yokumba isondo elijulile: Kusetshenziswa i-AlCrN/TiSiN multilayer PVD coating, futhi sekudlule iminyaka engu-10 yokuqinisekiswa kwesevisi endaweni{2}}yengcindezi ephezulu ekujuleni okungamamitha angu-1500.
I-handwheel yokulawula isitshalo samandla enuzi: I-Electrochemical polishing + molybdate passivation process ehlangene, ukumelana ne-radiation oxidation kuthuthukiswa ngo-60%.
(2) Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe
Ukwelashwa kwendawo okukhaliphile: Lungiselela amapharamitha okufakwa kwe-PVD nge-algorithm ye-AI ukuze uzuze ukusebenza kwefilimu okwenziwe ngokwezifiso.
Inqubo emisha yenqubo eluhlaza: Uketshezi{{0}olusekelwe emanzini{1}}nobuchwepheshe be-plasma bezinga lokushisa eliphansi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokungcola.
Isifinyezo
Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kwamasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali ezindaweni ezinokhahlo nezidlayo kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kusuka ezinhlangothini ezintathu: uhlobo olumaphakathi, umthwalo wemishini, nezindleko zomjikelezo wempilo. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe obufana ne-nano{1}}coatings nezakhiwo ze-bionic, ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kuzothuthukela ekuhlanganisweni kokusebenza kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo. Lapho kukhethwa inqubo, onjiniyela kufanele babeke kuqala izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-ASTM ne-ISO, futhi benze ukuhlolwa kokuguga okusheshisiwe okusekelwe ezimweni zangempela zokusebenza ukuze bathole isisombululo esingcono kakhulu{3}esisebenzayo.
FAQ
17: Inkampani yakho inesikhathi esingakanani ikhiqiza amasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali, futhi ungakwazi ukunikeza izinkomba ezivela kumakhasimende anelisekile?
I-A17: Sesibe sembonini [faka iminyaka], futhi singanikeza ngenjabulo izinkomba lapho sizicela.
18: Ingabe uyalugcina uhlu lwamasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali evamile, noma akhiqizwa{1}}ngokufunwa?
I-A18: Ngokuvamile sigcina isitokwe samasondo ezandla ajwayelekile, futhi ama-oda angokwezifiso akhiqizwa ngokuya ngesidingo.
19: Ingabe ikhona imithetho ethile yokuthumela ngaphandle noma izimfuneko zokuthobelana zokuthunyelwa kwamasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali emazweni athile?
I-A19: Yebo, siqinisekisa ukuthobela yonke imithetho yokuthekelisa futhi singasiza nganoma yimaphi amadokhumenti adingekayo ukuze kube nezinqubo ezibushelelezi zokuthekelisa.
20: Ingabe inkampani yakho inikeza ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe noma isiqondiso sokufaka ukuze kusetshenziswe kahle amasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali?
A20: Yebo, sinikeza ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe futhi singanikeza imihlahlandlela yokufaka ukuze siqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okufanele nokusebenza kwamasondo ethu ezandla.
