Ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ezimboni, ama-valve ayizingxenye zokulawula ezibalulekile, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kalula nokuthembeka kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza kwesistimu. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-valve, i-valve handwheel ayigcini nje ngokunquma imodi yokusebenza ye-valve, kodwa futhi idlala indima yokuxhumanisa ekwakhiweni okuphelele kwesistimu. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamazinga okuklama ama-valve kanye nokuthandwa kwezicelo ezihlakaniphile, isidingo semboni sokusebenzisa amasondo esandla se-valve nezinye izesekeli zamavalvu sikhulile. Indlela yokufeza ukufana okuphelele phakathi kwama-valve handwheels nezinye izesekeli ze-valve, ezingakwazi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphelele kwesistimu, kodwa futhi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhethekile zezimo ezahlukene zokusebenza, sekuyinkinga ephuthumayo yonjiniyela nochwepheshe ukuyixazulula. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi i-valve handwheel ingasetshenziswa yini nezinye izesekeli ze-valve kusuka emibonweni eminingi efana nesakhiwo, izindinganiso, izinto zokwakha, ukufakwa kanye nokusetshenziswa, futhi ihlaziye izinzuzo zayo zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha kubunjiniyela bangempela, ukuhlinzeka ngereferensi yobungcweti kochwepheshe kanye nezinkampani ezihlobene.
Okuqukethwe
1. Isingeniso samasondo amavalvu esandla kanye nemisebenzi yawo
2. Ukuklama kwesakhiwo kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza yamasondo ezandla zamavalvu
3. Uhlolojikelele lwezinye izesekeli zevalvu
4. Amazinga kanye nemininingwane yokufanisa
5. Ukuhlaziywa kokungenzeka kokumatanisa amasondo esandla e-valve nezinye izesekeli
6. Ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ekufaniseni
7. Ukuhlaziywa kwamacala angempela okufaka isicelo
1. Isingeniso samasondo amavalvu esandla kanye nemisebenzi yawo
I-valve handwheel iyithuluzi lokulawula elifakwe ku-valve, futhi umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukubona ukulungiswa kokuvula nokuvala kwe-valve. Njengesixhumi esibonakalayo esiqondile sokusebenza kwe-valve, ukwakheka kwesondo lesandla kuthinta ngokuqondile isipiliyoni somsebenzisi kanye nokunemba kokulungiswa kwamavalvu. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ihlanganisa:
Ukulawula nokulungiswa: Ngokuzungezisa isondo lesandla, opharetha angakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile izinga lokuvula noma lokuvala le-valve, ngaleyo ndlela alungise ukugeleza nokucindezela koketshezi.
Ukuvikela ukuphepha: Idizayini efanele yesondo lesandla ingagwema ukuvuleka nokuvalwa okudlulele noma okungalingani okubangelwa ukusebenza okungafanele, futhi ivikele ukusebenza okuphephile kwevalvu kanye nalo lonke uhlelo lwamapayipi.
Ukufaneleka kokusebenza: Umumo, izinto kanye nokuphathwa kwendawo yesondo lesandla kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuzwakala nokusebenza kahle, okubaluleke kakhulu kumasistimu adinga ukusebenza kaningi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-handwheel ye-valve nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcinweni kwesistimu nokusebenza okuphuthumayo. Ukuklama kwayo kanye nezinga lokufanisa nezinye izesekeli ngokuvamile kunquma ukusebenza okuphelele kwalo lonke uhlelo lwe-valve.
2. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ye-valve handwheel
2.1 Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo
I-handwheel ye-valve ikakhulukazi yakhiwe izingxenye ezilandelayo:
Umzimba wesondo lesandla: Lena ingxenye u-opharetha axhumana nayo ngokuqondile. Ivamise ukwenziwa-ngensimbi ecijile enamandla, insimbi engagqwali noma amapulasitiki obunjiniyela, futhi inezici zokumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuguga kanye nokungaguquki.
Ukulungiswa: Kusetshenziselwa ukufaka ngokuqinile isondo lesandla ku-valve. Amafomu avamile ahlanganisa ukuxhumana okucushiwe, ukufinyela{1}}ekulungiseni nasekufakeni i-welding.
Iphaneli yokuhlobisa nelogo: Amanye amasondo-esandla aphezulu afakwe{1}}nendawo emelene nokushelela, ilogo yesikali nomhlobiso wephethini, okungagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa umphumela wokubuka, kodwa futhi kusiza opharetha ukuthi ahlulele isimo sokuvula nokuvala kwevalvu.
2.2 Inqubo yokukhiqiza
Inqubo yokukhiqiza isondo lesandla se-valve ikakhulukazi ihilela ukusakaza, ukukhanda, ukwelashwa kwendawo kanye nokuhlanganisa nokulungisa iphutha:
Inqubo yokusakaza: Kumasondo esandla ensimbi,{0}}kusetshenziselwa ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza obunembayo obuphakeme ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kwe-dimensional namandla esakhiwo somzimba wesondo lesandla.
Ukwenza imishini: Yenza umshini, ukugaya, ukubhola nokunye ukucubungula ebusweni besondo lesandla ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imbobo yokufaka inembile, unqenqema lubushelelezi, kanye nezidingo eziqinile zokubekezelelana ziyahlangatshezwa.
Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu: Izindlela zokwelashwa ezivamile zihlanganisa ukufutha, i-anodizing, i-electroplating, njll., ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala nobuhle, kuyilapho kukhulisa ukusebenza{1}}okushelelayo kwesondo lesandla.
Ukuhlanganisa nokulungisa iphutha: Phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile nokuhlanganisa nokulungisa iphutha kuyizixhumanisi ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukunemba nempilo yesevisi yesondo lesandla nevalvu.
3. Uhlolojikelele lwe ezinye izesekeli ze-valve
Ezinhlelweni zamapayipi ezimboni, ama-valve awakhiwanga kuphela umzimba we-valve oyinhloko kanye nesondo lesandla, kodwa futhi ahlanganisa izesekeli eziningi ezisizayo, ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-valve. Izesekeli ezijwayelekile ze-valve zifaka:
Ama-valve seal: asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuvuza koketshezi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-valve igcina ukusebenza kahle kokuvala ngesikhathi sokuvula nokuvala.
Izixhumi ze-valve: njengama-flange, izintambo, amalunga okushisela, njll., asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ngokuqinile i-valve ohlelweni lwamapayipi.
Isiqu se-valve nendlela yokushayela: esetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla okuzungezisa kwesondo lesandla ukusunduza idiski ye-valve noma umgogodla we-valve ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kokushintsha.
Izinzwa zokucindezela kanye nama-actuator: Kuzinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile, zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha isimo se-valve ngesikhathi sangempela futhi zilungise ngokuzenzakalelayo ukugeleza koketshezi.
Zonke izinhlobo zezesekeli zamavalvu zinezindinganiso eziqinile zezimboni kanye nezidingo zesitifiketi, futhi amasondo esandla amavalvu, njengengxenye ebalulekile yawo, abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzisaneni nezinye izesekeli.
4. Amazinga kanye nemininingwane yokusetshenziswa okufanayo
Ukuklama, ukukhiqizwa nokufakwa kwama-valve kanye nezinsiza zawo kufanele kuhambisane nochungechunge lwamazinga omhlaba kanye kazwelonke, ahlinzeka ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe sokuhambisana komkhiqizo, ukwethembeka nokuphepha. Maqondana nokusetshenziswa okufanayo kwamasondo esandla amavalvu nezinye izesekeli zamavalvu, izindinganiso ezilandelayo kanye nokucaciswa kuhilelekile kakhulu:
4.1 Izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe
Amazinga e-ISO: afana ne-ISO 5211 (izinga lokuxhuma ama-actuator ama-valve kuma-valve), elicacisa ubukhulu nokubekezelelwa kwezindlela zokusebenza nezindawo zokuhlangana zamavalvu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushintshana phakathi kwemikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene.
Amazinga e-API: Amazinga e-American Petroleum Institute (API) anezidingo eziqinile zezesekeli zamavalvu, afaka izingxenye ezibalulekile njengamasondo amavalvu esandla, iziqu zamavalvu, nama-seal, futhi afanele izindawo{0}}ezinobungozi obuphezulu njengowoyela negesi yemvelo.
Amazinga e-ANSI/ASME: i-valve-amazinga ahlobene akhishwe i-American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), okuhlanganisa nezimfuneko ezithile zosayizi wesondo lesandla, izinto ezisetshenziswayo nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, zinikeza ukucaciswa okuhlanganisiwe kobuchwepheshe kwemikhiqizo yamavalvu ezimboni.
4.2 Amazinga kazwelonke nawesifunda
Amazinga e-GB/T: Izindinganiso zikazwelonke zaseShayina zinezinhlinzeko ezinemininingwane zamavalvu nezesekeli zamavalvu, njenge-GB/T 12269, GB/T 12266 namanye amazinga, ahlanganisa ukuklama, ukukhiqiza kanye nezidingo zokuhlola amasondo amasondo amavalvu.
Amazinga e-DIN: Amazinga Wezimboni ZaseJalimane (DIN) anethonya eliphakeme emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwamavalvu. Amazwe amaningi aseYurophu asebenzisa leli zinga njengesisekelo sobuchwepheshe ukuze aqinisekise ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
Izindinganiso ze-JIS: Izindinganiso zezimboni zaseJapane nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile emakethe yase-Asia, zihlinzeka ngemingcele enemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokuhlola zokusetshenziswa okuhambisanayo kwamasondo esandla e-valve nezinye izesekeli.
4.3 Ukuthola izitifiketi nokuhlolwa kwemboni
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokusetshenziswa okufanayo kwamasondo esandla amavalvu nezinye izisetshenziswa, izinkampani eziningi zidinga ukuphasa ukuhlolwa{0}}kwezinkampani zangaphandle ezinikeza izitifiketi ngaphambi kokushiya ifekthri. Lezi zitifiketi zihlanganisa:
Isitifiketi sohlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi (njenge-ISO 9001): qinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza yenkampani izinzile futhi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuklama.
Ukuqinisekiswa komkhiqizo (okufana ne-CE, UL, njll.): qinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo zamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nokuphepha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, njll.
-ekuhlolweni kwesayithi: Ezinye izinkampani zizokwenza{1}}ukuhlolwa kwesayithi kwezinhlelo zamapayipi zangempela ngokuya ngezidingo zomsebenzisi ukuze ziqinisekise ukuhambisana nokusebenza kokusebenza kwezisekeli ezihlukahlukene.
5. Ukuhlaziywa kokungenzeka kokumatanisa amasondo esandla e-valve nezinye izesekeli
Njengokusebenzelana kwe-valve, ukusetshenziswa okufanayo kwamasondo esandla se-valve nezinye izesekeli zamavalvu kuhilela izinkinga eziningi zobuchwepheshe nezinqubo. Okulandelayo kuzohlaziywa ngokuningiliziwe emibonweni yokuklama, ukufakwa, izinto zokwakha kanye nokuhambisana kwesistimu.
5.1 Ukuhambisana kwedizayini
Ngesikhathi sesiteji sokuklama, isisekeli ngasinye se-valve sidinga ukulandela usayizi ofanayo kanye nokucaciswa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuguquguquka nokuhambisana kwesistimu iyonke. Ngokwesibonelo:
Ukumiswa kwesixhumi esibonakalayo: Amasondo esandla, iziqu zamavalvu, ama-actuator nezinye izakhi kufanele zamukele izinga lokusebenzisana elihlanganisiwe (elifana ne-ISO 5211) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ingaxhunywa ngaphandle komthungo lapho ishintshwa noma ithuthukiswa.
Ukufanisa usayizi: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuklama, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokufaka kanye nendlela yokulungisa yesondo lesandla ihambisana nemingcele yokuklama yomzimba we-valve ukugwema ukufakwa okuxekethile noma ukusebenza okungalungile.
Phoqa idizayini yokudlulisa: Njengengxenye ebalulekile yokokufaka kwesignali yokulawula, ukudluliswa kwetorque yesondo lesandla kufanele kucabangele ukusebenzisana nesiqu se-valve nokuvalwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngeke kube nokuvuza noma umonakalo ngenxa yokungafani komshini phakathi nokusebenza.
5.2 Ukufakwa nokuhambisana nokuxhuma
Inqubo yokufaka yesistimu ye-valve inquma umphumela wokugcina wokusebenzisana wento ngayinye. Ukuze usebenzise i-handwheel ye-valve ehambisanayo nezinye izesekeli, kubalulekile ukunaka:
Ukungaguquguquki kokufakwa: Uma imikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abahlukene isebenzisa izindlela zokulungisa ezifanayo (njengezintambo, amabhande, njll.), kulungele ukufakwa nokuhlakazeka okusheshayo, futhi kunciphise izinkinga ezibangelwa ukufakwa okungalungile.
-ekulungiseni amaphutha kusayithi: Ekufakeni kwangempela,{1}}ukulungisa iphutha kusayithi kufanele kusetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzelana phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isondo lesandla, isiqu se-valve, ama-seal nezinye izixhumi zingasebenza ndawonye ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukulungisa nokushintsha kalula: -Isistimu yesisetshenziswa sesondo lesandla esiklanywe kahle ilungele ukulungiswa nokushintshwa kwesikhathi esizayo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokwelula impilo yonke yesevisi yesistimu.
5.3 Impahla kanye nenqubo ukufanisa
Amasondo esandla evaluvu kanye nezinye izisetshenziswa zamavalvu ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto ezigugayo-ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala{1}}ezikwazi ukumelana nezinga eliphezulu{2}}ezinamandla. Ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwezinto ezibonakalayo zezisekeli ezahlukene-zokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kuyisihluthulelo sokuzuza ukufanisa okuhle:
Ukungaguquguquki kwezinto: Izinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali, insimbi eyinsimbi noma amapulasitiki obunjiniyela kufanele zifaniswe ngangokunokwenzeka ekukhethweni ukuze kugwenywe izinkinga ezifana nokunwetshwa kokushisa nokuguga okungalingani okubangelwa umehluko wezinto ezibonakalayo.
Inqubo yokwelapha engaphezulu: Ngokufafaza, i-electroplating, i-anodizing nokunye ukwelashwa, indawo engaphezulu yengxenye ngayinye inezinto ezifanayo zokunqanda ukubola kanye{1}}zokuvikela{1}}ukugqokwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe{2}}ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwesistimu ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukunemba kwenqubo: Ukwenza imishini enembile kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola eziqinile zingaqinisekisa ukuthi ukubekezelelana kobukhulu phakathi kwezingxenye kungaphakathi kwebanga lokuklama, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuze imiphumela emihle yokufanisa nokuvala.
6. Ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ekusebenziseni okufanayo
Ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokumadanisa phakathi kwamasondo amavalvu esandla nezinye izesekeli zamavalvu, kubalulekile ukugxila kule mininingwane yobuchwepheshe elandelayo nezinyathelo zokuphepha:
6.1 Ukuqaliswa okuqinile kwe amazinga kanye nokucaciswa
Ukuthembela ezindinganisweni zamazwe ngamazwe: Enqubeni yokuklama, yokukhiqiza neyokufaka, landela ngokuqinile izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kanye namazinga kazwelonke afana ne-ISO, i-DIN, i-ANSI, njll. ukuze uqinisekise ukushintshashintsha nokuhambisana kwemikhiqizo.
Ukuqinisekisa nokuhlola: Hlola ngokuphelele zonke izinsiza usebenzisa-izisebenzeli zesitifiketi zenkampani yangaphandle ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zihlangabezana nezimfuneko ezinkomba ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokucindezela, izinga lokushisa, nokungagqwali.
6.2 Ukufakwa{1}kusayithi kanye ukuthuma
Ukufakwa okuphrofeshinali: Kutuswa ukuthi ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe babe nesibopho sokufakwa kanye nokugunyazwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izixhumanisi zixhunywe ngokuqinile futhi zibe nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuvala.
Ukuhlola okuvamile: Ngemva kokufakwa, isistimu ye-valve kufanele ihlolwe futhi inakekelwe njalo ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha futhi kuxazululwe izinkinga ezingaba khona ezibangelwa ukuguga noma ukuchezuka kokufakwa.
6.3 Ukwakhiwa kwesistimu nokucatshangelwa okuphelele
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwesistimu sekukonke: Esigabeni sokuklama isistimu, ukusebenzisana kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene njengamasondo ezandla, iziqu zamavalvu, ama-actuator nama-seal kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokugcwele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imingcele yokuklama iyahambelana futhi ifinyelela isimo sokusebenza esifanele.
Ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana: Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwesistimu noma ukufakwa okusha, umthelela ofanayo wensizakalo ngayinye uqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwesibonelo noma ukuhlolwa kokulingisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukungaqiniseki ekusetshenzisweni kwephrojekthi.
7. Ukuhlaziywa kwecala lesicelo esisebenzayo
Ukuze ubonise ngokunembile umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwamasondo amavalvu esandla kanye nezinye izesekeli zamavalvu, okulandelayo kuwukuhlaziywa kwecala kumaphrojekthi ambalwa angempela:
7.1 Uhlelo lwe-valve yezitshalo zamakhemikhali
Kuhlelo lwamapayipi emboni yamakhemikhali, ngenxa yokugqwala okuqinile kwendawo yokudlulisela, isethi ephelele yamavalvu nezisekeli ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zokulwa{0}}nokugqwala kuyakhethwa. Kule sistimu, isondo lesandla se-valve, isiqu se-valve, nezivalo zonke zenziwe ngezinto ezingagqwali-zensimbi engagqwali futhi zikhethwa ngokuqinile ngokuvumelana namazinga e-ISO 5211. Ngemuva kokuthi-ukusebenza kwesayithi, isistimu isebenza kahle, futhi izingxenye zifaniswa ngokuqinile, zivimbele ngempumelelo izinkinga zokuvuza ezibangelwa ukugqwala okumaphakathi. Lesi simo sibonisa ukuthi idizayini efanayo elungile kanye nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile okuqinile kuwukhiye wokuqinisekisa{7}}ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside nokuzinzile kwesistimu.
7.2 Umkhakha wokukhiqiza ukudla
Embonini yokucubungula ukudla, izidingo zenhlanzeko nokuba nzalo ziphezulu kakhulu. Imboni yokudla isebenzisa{1}}ama-sanitary valve ekugcineni aphezulu kanye nezinsiza zamasondo esandla kusistimu yayo yamavalvu, futhi imikhiqizo yayo yonke i-CE kanye ne-FDA eqinisekisiwe. Isondo lesandla lenziwe ngezinto ezilwa namagciwane kanye{3}}nomklamo ovimbela ukushelela, futhi kanye nezinye izesekeli zamavalvu, lakha isistimu yamapayipi evalekile nehlanzekile, eqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke kube nokungcoliswa okunqamulayo phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Leli cala lifakazela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okufanayo kwe-valve handwheel nezinye izesekeli akugcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kalula, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha komkhiqizo.
7.3 Uhlelo lokuhlanza amandla namanzi
Emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamandla namanzi, amasistimu we-valve ngokuvamile adinga ukusebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi noma indawo yokushisa ephezulu. Isikhungo sokuhlanza amanzi sisebenzisa-isistimu yokusebenza kwama-valve ephezulu, lapho isondo le-valve lesandla kanye nezinsiza ezingukhiye ezifana nomzimba wama-valve nama-seal konke kucutshungulwa{2}}ngobuchwepheshe obunembayo obuphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba okufanayo phakathi kwezingxenye. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside sokusebenza, uhlelo luhlala luzinzile, futhi cishe akukho ukuvuza noma ukwehluleka kokuvala uphawu ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Leli cala libonisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezidlulele, ngomklamo ofanayo wesayensi nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, ukusebenza okuphephile kwesistimu kungaqinisekiswa ngempumelelo.
