Emkhakheni wokusebenza kwemishini nokulawulwa kwemishini, amasondo ezandla ayingxenye evamile futhi ebalulekile. Kusukela ekucutshungulweni kwamathuluzi omshini ovamile kuya ezintweni zesimanje ezishintshayo, kusukela kumathuluzi ezokwelapha kuya kumathuluzi ezokuthutha, amasondo ezandla adlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi ngezindlela zawo zokusebenza ezinembile nezilula.
Okuqukethwe
1. Incazelo kanye nesakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-handwheel
(I) Incazelo
(II) Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo
2. Umgomo wokusebenza wesondo lesandla
3. Izinkambu zohlelo lwesondo lesandla
(I) Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni
(II) Impahla yezokwelapha
(III) Ezokuthutha
(IV) Impilo yansuku zonke neminye imikhakha
4. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yesondo lesandla
(I) Usayizi wemakethe
(II) Iphethini yokuncintisana ngezimakethe
(III) Isabelo senkambu yohlelo lokusebenza
5. Ukuthuthukiswa mkhuba handwheel
(I) Ubuhlakani kanye nokwenza idijithali
(II) Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha
(III) Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Ergonomic design
Incazelo kanye nesakhiwo esiyisisekelo samasondo ezandla
(I) Incazelo
Isondo lesandla liyingxenye eyisiyingi esetshenziswa mathupha elawula noma elungisa okokusebenza ngomshini ngokunyakaza kokuzungeza. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemishini edinga ukungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla. Iguqula amandla ajikelezayo asetshenziswa opharetha abe ukunyakaza okulandelanayo noma ezinye izinhlobo zokunyakaza kwesisetshenziswa, ngaleyo ndlela ilungise isimo sokusebenza sesisetshenziswa.
(II) Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo
Rim: Ingxenye engaphandle yesondo lesandla, okuyindawo lapho u-opharetha ebamba ngokuqondile futhi esebenzisa amandla. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunethezeka nokungqubuzana kokubamba, ingaphezulu lerimu ngokuvamile liklanywa ngamaphethini amelene{1}}okushelela, izendlalelo zokugoqa zerabha noma ukuthungwa kwe-concave kanye ne-convex. Isibonelo, unqenqema lwesondo lesandla lethuluzi lomshini luvamise ukusebenzisa inqubo yokugoqa ukuze kwandiswe ubuhwaqane obungaphezulu nokuvimbela ukushelela phakathi nokusebenza.
Ihabhu: Ingxenye emaphakathi yesondo lesandla, esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma kumshini wokudlulisela wesisetshenziswa. Izindlela zokuxhuma ezijwayelekile zifaka ukuxhumeka kokhiye, ukuxhumeka kwentambo kanye nokufanisa imbobo ye-shaft. Ukuthatha isondo lesandla le-lathe evamile njengesibonelo, ngokuvamile lixhunywe ku-screw shaft ngokhiye oyisicaba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa okusebenzayo kwamandla ajikelezayo.
I-Spoke: Ingxenye exhuma unqenqema nehabhu, edlala indima ekusekeleni nasekudluliseni amandla. Inombolo nokuma kwama-spokes aklanywe ngokuya ngosayizi kanye nezidingo zokusebenzisa zesondo lesandla. Izikhulumi ezivamile zihlanganisa izikhulumi ezimbili, izikhulumi ezintathu noma izikhulumi eziningi. Amanye amasondo amakhulu ezandla asebenzisa izipika ezingenalutho ukunciphisa isisindo futhi onge izinto.
Izingxenye ezisizayo: Amanye amasondo esandla aphinde afakwe izingxenye ezisizayo njengokudayela, izikhombi, nezinsimbi zokukhiya. Ukudayela nezikhombi kusetshenziselwa ukubonisa ngokunembile i-engeli yokuzungezisa yesondo lesandla noma ukugudluzwa kwesisetshenziswa, okusiza isisebenzisi ukuthi sifinyelele ukulawula okunembile; idivayisi yokukhiya ingakwazi ukulungisa isondo lesandla ngemva kokulilungisa endaweni efanele ukuze livimbele ukujikeleza ngenxa yokudlidliza nezinye izizathu.
Isimiso sokusebenza se-handwheel
Isimiso sokusebenza se-handwheel sisekelwe ekudlulisweni komshini. Lapho u-opharetha evula i-Isondo Eliqinile Lesandla, i-wheel shaft idlulisela ukunyakaza okujikelezayo ezingxenyeni zokudlulisela ezixhunywe kuyo, njengezikulufi, amagiya, amagiya wezikelemu, njll. Ngokuguqulwa kwalezi zingxenye zokudlulisela, ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kuguqulwa kube ukunyakaza okuqondile noma ezinye izinhlobo zokunyakaza, ngaleyo ndlela kuqaphela ukulawulwa kwemishini.
Isibonelo, ohlelweni lokuphakelayo okwenziwa ngesandla lwethuluzi lomshini, isondo lesandla lixhunywe kusikulufu sebhola. Uma isondo lesandla liphendulwa, isikulufu sebhola sizungeza ngokufanele, futhi ukunyakaza okuzungezayo kuguqulwa kube ukunyakaza okulandelanayo kwebhentshi lokusebenza ngenathi ukuze kuzuzwe ukususwa okunembile kwethuluzi noma ucezu lokusebenza. Ukunemba kokuphakelayo kwayo kungafinyelela imilimitha noma ileveli ye-micron, ihlangabezane nezidingo{2}}zokucubungula ukunemba okuphezulu.
Ekulawulweni kwe-valve, isondo lesandla lixhunywe esiqwini se-valve ngomshini wokudlulisa igiya. Lapho isondo lesandla liphendulwa, igiya lishayela isiqu se-valve phezulu naphansi, ngaleyo ndlela ibona ukuvuleka noma ukuvala kwe-valve kanye nokulawulwa kwezinga lokugeleza.
Izinkambu zohlelo zamasondo ezandla
(I) Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni
Ukucutshungulwa kwamathuluzi omshini: Kuma-lathes ajwayelekile, imishini yokugaya, izigayo nezinye izinto zamathuluzi omshini, amasondo ezandla ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zokusebenza ngesandla. Ngokuphendula isondo lesandla, u-opharetha angakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile isivinini sokuphakelayo kwethuluzi kanye nebanga elihambayo lebhentshi lomsebenzi ukuze enze imisebenzi emihle yokucubungula. Isibonelo, ekugayweni kwezingxenye ezinembayo, ochwepheshe basebenzisa amasondo esandla ukuze-ulungise kahle futhi bangalawula ukunemba kobukhulu bezingxenye ezingaphakathi kuka-±0.01mm.
Imishini yamakhemikhali: Ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali, amasondo ezandla avame ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwama-valve nokulungisa ukugeleza. Kwamanye ama-valve amapayipi adinga ukulungiswa njalo, njengama-valve angenisayo naphumayo wezishintshi zokushisa kanye nama-valve okuphakelayo ama-reactors, ukusebenza kwesondo lesandla kuyavumelana nezimo futhi kuthembekile, futhi akuthintwa ukunikezwa kwamandla. Isengaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwezisetshenziswa uma kwenzeka ugesi ucisha noma ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokulawula.
Ulayini wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo: Nakuba imigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo ilawulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, amasondo ezandla asadlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwemishini, ukunakekelwa kanye nezimo eziphuthumayo. Ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukusebenzisa okokusebenza ngesandla ngamasondo esandla, bahlole isimo sokusebenza kwesisetshenziswa, balungise indawo yezingxenye eziwumshini, futhi baqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile kolayini wokukhiqiza.
(II) Imishini yezokwelapha
Imibhede yokuhlinza: Imibhede yokuhlinza ifakwe amasondo esandla amaningi ukuze kuzuzwe imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokulungisa isimo somzimba njengokuwuphakamisa, ukutshekisa, nokuzungezisa umbhede. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, udokotela ulungisa ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile isikhundla kanye ne-angle yombhede wokuhlinza ngokuguqula isondo lesandla ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokusebenza, ukunikeza insimu enhle yokubuka kanye nendawo yokusebenza yokusebenza. .
Imishini yokuthwebula izithombe: Emishinini yokuthwebula yezokwelapha efana nemishini ye-X-ye-ray kanye nezikena ze-CT, amasondo esandla asetshenziswa ukulungisa ngokunembile ubude bendawo, i-engeli, nendawo yesisetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe idatha yokuthwebula ecacile nenembile. Isibonelo, ama-radiologists acolisa{2}}i-engeli ye-irradiation yomshini we-X-ngokuphendula isondo lesandla ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokuthwebula kwesilonda futhi basize ekuxilongweni kwesifo. .
(III) Ezokuthutha
Umkhumbi: Kuhlelo lokulawula umkhumbi, isondo lesandla lisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuqondisa komkhumbi. Uma umkhumbi uhamba ngeshaneli encane noma wenza imisebenzi yokugwedla kanye nokungazuli, izisebenzi ziphendulela isondo lesandla ukuze bathole ukuqondisa okunembile komkhumbi ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha kokuzulazula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yezikhonkwane zomkhumbi, amakhreni wezimpahla nezinye izinto zokusebenza nazo zivame ukusetshenziswa ngamasondo ezandla.
Izimoto nemishini yokwakha: Ezinye izindlela zokushintsha ukuhambisa ngesandla kwezimoto zifakwe amasondo esandla ukuze kube lula ukusebenza komshayeli. Emkhakheni wemishini yokwakha, efana ne-forklift fork lifting control kanye ne-excavator working angle angle adjustment, amasondo ezandla nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo nokunembayo.
(IV) Impilo yansuku zonke neminye imikhakha
Empilweni yansuku zonke, amasondo ezandla nawo anezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza. Isibonelo, amasondo ezandla angasetshenziswa ekuphakeleni amaphepha ama-plotters, ukuphakamisa nokwehlisa ukulawula amakhethini, ukulungiswa kobude bezihlalo zehhovisi, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emikhakheni ye-instrumentation, imishini yokuhlola, njll., amasondo ezandla asetshenziselwa ukulungisa imingcele nemisebenzi yemishini ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yamasondo ezandla
(I) Usayizi wemakethe
Ngokwezibalo ezivela ezikhungweni zocwaningo lwemakethe, usayizi wemakethe yamasondo omhlaba wonke uzofinyelela ku-US $ 1.2 billion ngo-2023, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule ufinyelele ku-US $ 1.8 billion ngo-2028, ngenani lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka lika-8.2%. Ngokuthuthuka kokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-automation, kanye nenqubekela phambili eqhubekayo yezimboni ezifana nezokwelapha nezokuthutha, isidingo samasondo ezandla sizogcina ukukhula okuqhubekayo.
(II) Iphethini yokuncintisana ngezimakethe
Njengamanje, imakethe yamasondo esandla inokuncintisana kakhulu, enabakhiqizi bezingxenye zezimboni abadumile emhlabeni jikelele kanye nezinkampani eziningi zasekhaya. Imikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe njenge-Bosch Rexroth yaseJalimane kanye ne-THK yase-Japan inesabelo esikhulu{1}}emakethe ephezulu ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye{2}nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu. Izinkampani zasekhaya zinokuncintisana okuqinile phakathi- nezimakethe eziphansi-ezinezinzuzo zazo zezindleko kanye nekhono lokusabela ngokushesha esidingweni semakethe. Izinkampani ezinjengoDalian Yaming kanye neShanghai Qiangshi zinedumela eliphezulu emakethe yasekhaya.
(III) Ingxenye yezindawo zokufaka izicelo
| Izindawo zokufaka izicelo | Isabelo semakethe | Izidingo eziyinhloko |
| Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni | 60% | Ukunemba okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukuqina |
| Imishini yezokwelapha | 15% | Ukuphepha, ukuhlanzeka, ukusebenza okulula |
| Ezokuthutha | 12% | Ukuthembeka, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukumelana nokudlidliza |
| Ezinye izindawo | 13% | Ukuhlukahluka, ukwenza kube ngokwakho, ubuhle |
Ukuthuthukiswa komkhuba wamasondo ezandla
(I) Ubuhlakani kanye nokwenza idijithali
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwe-Industry 4.0 kanye nokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile, amasondo ezandla azohlanganiswa ngokujulile nobuchwepheshe be-electronic kanye nobuchwepheshe bezinzwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthuthukiswa okukhaliphile nokudijithali. Amasondo esandla esikhathi esizayo angase ahlanganise izinzwa ze-torque, izifaki khodi zama-engeli namanye amadivayisi, angaqapha amandla okusebenza kanye ne-engeli yokuzungezisa ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi anike idatha abuyisele kusistimu yokulawula ukuze azuze ukulawula okunembe kakhudlwana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuhlanganisa nobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto, opharetha bangakwazi ukuqapha bekude futhi basebenzise amasondo ezandla ukuze bathuthukise ukuzenzakalela nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwezisetshenziswa.
(II) Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphakeme zokusebenza kwesondo lesandla ezimbonini ezihlukene, izinto ezintsha zizoqhubeka zisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amasondo esandla. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphezulu-ezinamandla kanye ne-lightweight carbon fibre composite ukuze kwenziwe amasondo ezandla ngeke nje kwehlise isisindo sisonke sezisetshenziswa, kodwa futhi kuthuthukise amandla nokumelana nokuguga kwesondo lesandla. Ukwengeza, izinto zokwakha-ezinokuzithambisa futhi ezimelene{4}nezici ezimile nazo zizosetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nempilo yesondo lesandla.
(III) Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Ergonomic design
Ukunaka kakhulu ukwakheka kwe-ergonomic sekuphenduke inkambiso ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamasondo ezandla. Ngokulungiselela ukuma, usayizi, impahla engaphezulu kanye ne-angle yokubamba yesondo lesandla, ukukhathala komsebenzisi kungancishiswa futhi ukunethezeka nokuphepha komsebenzi kungathuthukiswa. Isibonelo, umumo wesondo lesandla uklanyelwe ukuhambisana nokugoba kwesandla somuntu, futhi irimu lesondo ligoqwe ngento yerabha ethambile, engashibiliki ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo osesandleni obangelwa-ukusebenza isikhathi eside.
