Okuqukethwe
2. Isimo semakethe samasondo amavalvu amakhulu
3. Ukuqanjwa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamasondo ama-valve amakhulu
4. Ukunwetshwa kwenkundla yesicelo kanye nokukhula kwesidingo
5. Ukuhlaziywa kwephethini yokuncintisana kwezimakethe
6. Izinselelo namasu okuphendula
7. Amathemba esikhathi esizayo
8. Isiphetho
Emkhakheni wezimboni, ama-valve ayimishini ebalulekile yokulawula ukugeleza koketshezi, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kube lula nokwethembeka kubalulekile. Njengengxenye eyinhloko yokusebenza kwe-valve,amasondo ama-valve amakhulukancane kancane zigxila ekunakweni kwemboni. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwesikali sokukhiqiza kwezimboni kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezikhulayo, isidingo semakethe kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kobuchwepheshe bamasondo amasondo amavalvu amakhulu kukhombisa inkambiso ekhulayo.
2. Isimo semakethe samasondo amavalvu amakhulu
Njengamanje, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yama-valve handwheel ikhombisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezomnotho ezisafufusa, isidingo samasondo amavalvu amakhulu ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda, imboni ye-petrochemical, amandla kagesi nezinye izimboni siyakhula. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nokulungiswa kwemishini emazweni athuthukile nakho kunikeze umfutho oqhubekayo emakethe. Ngokusatshalaliswa kwesifunda, i-Asia, iYurophu kanye neNyakatho Melika yizindawo ezimakethe ezinkulu. Imakethe yase-Asia ibone ukukhula okubaluleke kakhulu kwesidingo samasondo ama-valve amakhulu ngenxa yesizinda sayo esikhulu sezimboni kanye nokukhula komnotho ngokushesha.
Ngokombono wohlobo lomkhiqizo,I-Hand Wheel Operated Gate Valveikakhulukazi zihlanganisa handwheels ezenziwe cast iron, cast steel, insimbi engagqwali kanye nezinye izinto. Amasondo ezandla ensimbi yensimbi anezici zezindleko eziphansi kanye nokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle, futhi afaneleka kwezinye izikhathi ezingadingi ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu; amasondo ensimbi ensimbi anamandla aphezulu futhi angakwazi ukumelana nama-torque amakhulu, futhi avame ukusetshenziswa kuma-valve amakhulu ezimbonini; amasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali Inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kanye nobuhle, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zokudla, ezemithi nezinye.
3. Ukuqanjwa okusha kwezobuchwepheshe kukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamasondo ama-valve amakhulu
(1.) Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kanye nempilo yesevisi yamasondo ama-valve amakhulu, izinto ezintsha zihlala zivela. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa{2}}kwezinto eziphezulu ze-aluminium alloy kwenza isondo lesandla lehlise isisindo ngenkathi ligcina amandla aphezulu kanye nokungagqwali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto eziyinhlanganisela ezinezakhiwo zokuzigcoba{4}}ziphinde zaqala ukusetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamasondo esandla, ukwehlisa ngempumelelo ithoshi yokusebenza nokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kokusebenza.
(2.) Idizayini ekhaliphile: Ngokuthuthuka kokushintshashintsha kwezimboni kanye nobuhlakani, amasondo amavalvu amakhulu kancane kancane aya ekuhlakanipheni. Ezinye izinkampani zinezinzwa ezihlanganisiwe nezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile zivuliweI-Valve Handwheel Standard, engakwazi ukuqapha isimo sokusebenza, usayizi we-torque kanye neminye imingcele ye-handwheel ngesikhathi sangempela futhi idlulisele idatha ohlelweni lokulawula olumaphakathi. Ngokuhlaziywa nokucubungula idatha, isilawuli kude kanye nesixwayiso samaphutha singafinyelelwa, okuthuthukisa izinga lokuzenzakalelayo nokuphepha kwenqubo yokukhiqiza.
(3.) Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza: Izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe zokukhiqiza ezifana nokukhiqiza okungeziwe (ukuphrinta kwe-3D) nokusakazwa okunembayo kuya ngokuya kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni amasondo amavalvu amakhulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obungeziwe bungaqaphela ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo-kwamasondo esandla anomumo onzima, kwehlise izindleko kanye nomjikelezo wokukhiqiza isikhunta, futhi kuthuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwezinto. Inqubo yokusakaza enembayo ingathuthukisa ukunemba kwe-dimensional kanye nekhwalithi yangaphezulu yesondo lesandla futhi inciphise umsebenzi wokucubungula okulandelayo.
4. Ukunwetshwa kwenkundla yesicelo kanye nokukhula kwesidingo
(1.) Imboni ye-Petrochemical: Emkhiqizweni we-petrochemical, amasondo amakhulu ama-valve asetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula amapayipi ahlukahlukene kanye nemishini. Isibonelo, kumishini emikhulu efana ne-atmospheric and vacuum distillation units kanye namayunithi okuqhekeka kwe-ethylene ezindaweni zokucwenga, amasondo amakhulu e-valve ayadingeka ukulawula ukugeleza, ingcindezi kanye nezinga lokushisa le-medium. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemboni ye-petrochemical kanye nokwanda kwesikali semishini, isidingo seUkunyathela Isondo Lesandla Lensimbi Ye-Carbonnayo iyanda, futhi ngasikhathi sinye, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe ekumelaneni nokugqwala kwazo, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kanye ne-torque yokusebenza.
(2.) Imboni yamandla kagesi: Amasondo esandla amavalvu amakhulu abalulekile ekuphehleni ugesi oshisayo, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngamanzi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi. Ezitshalweni zamandla ashisayo,Standard Carbon Steel Handwheelzisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwemithombo yezindaba njengesitimu, amanzi kanye nophethiloli; ezitshalweni eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi, zisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukungena kwamanzi kanye nokukhishwa kwama-turbines; ezimbonini zamandla enuzi, zisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukujikeleza kokupholisa kwama-reactors, njll. Imboni yamandla inezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu zokuthembeka nokuphepha kwamasondo amavalvu amakhulu, okukhuthaze ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlobene.
(3.) Imboni yokuhlanza indle: Ngokuthuthukiswa kokuqwashisa ngemvelo, imboni yokuhlanza indle ithuthuke ngokushesha. Amasondo ezandla amavalvu amakhulu adlala indima ebalulekile ekungeneni kwamanzi, emiseleni, ekufakeni umoya kanye nezinye izixhumanisi zezitshalo zokukhuculula indle. Ukuze ujwayelane nemininingwane yendawo yokuhlanza indle, amasondo esandla amavalvu amakhulu adinga ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kanye nezindawo zokulwa-nokungcola.
5. Ukuhlaziywa kwephethini yokuncintisana kwezimakethe
Imakethe yamasondo ama-valve amakhulu inokuncintisana okukhulu, nezinkampani eziningi zasekhaya nezangaphandle ezibamba iqhaza. Emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, abakhiqizi{1}abaziwayo bamavalvu abafana ne-KSB eJalimane, i-Tyco e-United States, kanye ne-Kitz e-Japan banesabelo esikhulu-semakethe ephezulu ngobuchwepheshe babo obuthuthukisiwe,{3}}imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu, kanye nesithombe esihle somkhiqizo. Lezi zinkampani zitshala imali eningi ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe, emisha yomkhiqizo kanye nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi, futhi ziyaqhubeka nokuqalisa{5}}imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu, ehlakaniphile{6}}enkulu yamavalvu esandla.
Emakethe yasekhaya, njengoba izinga lokukhiqiza ekhaya liye laqhubeka lithuthuka eminyakeni yamuva, ezinye izinkampani zendawo ziye zavela kancane kancane. Isibonelo, amabhizinisi afana ne-CNNC Suva Technology Industrial Co., Ltd. kanye ne-Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory Co., Ltd. azuze imiphumela emangalisayo emkhakheni wamasondo amavalvu amakhulu. Ngokwethula ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bangaphandle, ukuqinisa ukusungulwa okuzimele kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, lezi zinkampani kancane kancane ziye zathola indawo emakethe yasekhaya futhi zaqala ukwanda emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
6. Izinselelo namasu okuphendula
(1.) Ingcindezi yezindleko: Izinto ezinjengokuguquguquka kwentengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi, nokuncintisana okuqinile kwezimakethe kubangele ukucindezela kwezindleko ezinkulu ezinkampanini ezinkulu zamasondo ezandla zamavalvu. Ukuze zibhekane nengcindezi yezindleko, izinkampani zidinga ukuqinisa ukuphathwa kwezindleko, zandise izinqubo zokukhiqiza, zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi zehlise ukusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkampani zingalwela ukuthola amanani angcono kakhulu okuthenga ngokusungula ubudlelwano{3}}besikhathi eside nobuzinzile bokusebenzisana nabahlinzeki.
(2.) Izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe kanye nesitifiketi: Amazwe ahlukene nezifunda zinamazinga ahlukene obuchwepheshe kanye nezimfuneko zesitifiketi ze-Valve Handwheel Standard, okulethe izithiyo ezithile ekuthunyelweni kwemikhiqizo yezinkampani. Izinkampani zidinga ukuqinisa ucwaningo lwamazinga obuchwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezidingo zesitifiketi, zenze umsebenzi wokunikeza isitifiketi somkhiqizo ngenkuthalo, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezimo zokufinyelela ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani zingabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni nasekubuyekezweni kwamazinga omhlaba ukuze kuthuthukiswe izwi lazo emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.
(3.) Ukushoda kwethalente: Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusha kwemboni enkulu yamasondo esandla ama-valve, isidingo{1}}samakhono aphezulu obuchwepheshe nokuphatha siya ngokuya siphuthuma. Nokho, inkinga yamanje yokushoda kwamathalente embonini igqame kakhulu. Izinkampani zidinga ukuqinisa ukuqeqeshwa kwethalente kanye nesingeniso, zisungule indlela ephusile yokukhuthaza ithalente, futhi zihehe futhi zigcine amathalente avelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhizinisi angakwazi futhi ukubambisana namanyuvesi kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo ukuze enze imboni-inyuvesi{6}}icwaninge amaphrojekthi wokubambisana futhi athuthukise amathalente ochwepheshe ahlangabezana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni.
7. Amathemba esikhathi esizayo
(1.) Izinga lobuhlakani liyaqhubeka lithuthuka: Ngokuzayo, amasondo amavalvu amakhulu azohlakanipha futhi ahlanganiswe ngokujulile nobuchwepheshe obufana ne-inthanethi yezimboni kanye nedatha enkulu. Ngokuqapha{2}}kwesikhathi sangempela nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, ukulawula okunembayo nokunakekelwa okubikezelwayo kwamavalvu kungafinyelelwa, futhi izinga lobuhlakani nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kungathuthukiswa.
(2.) Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza sekuphenduke inkomba ebalulekile yentuthuko: Ngaphansi kwesizinda sezinqubomgomo eziqinile zokuvikela imvelo, izinkampani ezinkulu zamasondo amavalvu zizonaka kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo okuluhlaza. Ukusebenzisa izinto ezivikela imvelo, ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemfucuza kuzoba amasu abalulekile okuthuthukisa izinkampani.
(3.) Ukwenyuka kwesidingo sezinsizakalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso: Ngokuqiniswa kokuncintisana kwezimakethe kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezidingo zamakhasimende, isidingo sezinsizakalo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zamasondo amavalvu amakhulu sizoqhubeka nokwanda. Izinkampani zidinga ukuba namandla okukhiqiza enziwe ngokwezifiso aqinile futhi zikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemiklamo yemikhiqizo yomuntu siqu nezisombululo ezisuselwe ezimfuneko ezikhethekile zamakhasimende.
8. Isiphetho
Njengengxenye ebalulekile emkhakheni wezimboni, amasondo ama-valve amakhulu anamathuba abanzi okuthuthukiswa kwemakethe. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwezinkambu zokufaka izicelo, imboni enkulu yamasondo ezandla zamavalvu izoletha amathuba amasha okuthuthukisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amabhizinisi nawo adinga ukusabela ngenkuthalo ezinseleleni ezinjengokucindezela kwezindleko, amazinga ezobuchwepheshe kanye nokushoda kwethalente, futhi athuthukise ngokuqhubekayo ukuncintisana kwawo ukuze azuze intuthuko esimeme.
