Ukukhetha usayizi olungile weisondo lesandla elishaya isitembu kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukulungiswa okunembile, ukusebenza ngokunethezeka, kanye nemishini yokugxiviza ephephile nethembekile. Lesi sihloko siqala ngokuma kokusebenza kwesondo lesandla eligxiviza okokusebenza, futhi sihlanganisa ukubala kwetorque kanye ne-ergonomics, imikhawulo yesikhala sokufakwa, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo, izidingo zokunemba kwendawo, ukwakheka kwesondo lesandla, amazinga kanye nokucaciswa kokuphepha nezinye{1}}izici ezinobukhulu ukuze kunikezwe onjiniyela nochwepheshe imibono yokukhetha ehlelekile neziphakamiso ezisebenzayo. Ngokucacisa izidingo zetorque, ukucacisa ngokunengqondo ububanzi besondo lesandla nendawo yokuvula, nokuthuthukisa umumo wesondo lesandla nokokusebenza, abasebenzisi bangakwazi ukuthola ulwazi olungcono kakhulu-lokusebenzisa umshini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokulungiswa nempilo yesevisi.
Imenyu Yokuqukethwe
- Iqhaza nokuma kwamasondo ezandla agxiviza emishinini
- Ukuhlaziywa kwamapharamitha wosayizi oyinhloko wamasondo esandla
- Izidingo zetorque nokubala kobubanzi besondo lesandla
- I-Ergonomics kanye nomkhawulo we-torque
- Isikhala sokufakwa nokumadanisa kwembobo
- Ukuguquguquka kwezinto kanye nemvelo
- Ukubeka ukunemba nokuxazulula
- Umthelela wesakhiwo sesondo lesandla ekukhetheni
- Ukuhambisana namazinga nokuvikelwa kokuphepha
- Iziphakamiso ezisebenzayo zokukhetha kanye nokwabelana kwecala
- Isifinyezo
Iqhaza nokuma kwamasondo ezandla agxiviza emishinini
Amasondo ezandla ezitembu asetshenziswa kakhulu-ekulungiseni kahle nasekumiseni okokusebenza okufana nemishini yokugxiviza, imishini yokuqondisa, kanye neziphakeli. Imisebenzi yabo ihlanganisa:
Ukulungiswa kwe-axial/radial: Ukuphakamisa kahle nokwehlisa isikhunta noma ikholomu yomhlahlandlela kufinyelelwa ngokuzungezisa isondo lesandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kobukhulu bokubhoboza nokugoba.
Ukukhiya nokukhulula: Ngemva kokubeka endaweni, indlela yokulungisa ikhiyiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhukhuleka kwesikhundla ngesikhathi senqubo yokugxiviza.
Ukuvikela ukuphepha: Amanye amasondo esandla ahlanganiswe ne-clutch noma{0}}izindlela zokuzikhiya ukuze agweme ukulimala komuntu noma ukungqubuzana kwesikhunta okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi kwesisetshenziswa.
Emathuluzini okugxiviza amathoni{{0}esivinini esikhulu{0}esikhulu{1}}, nakuba isondo lesandla lingeyona ingxenye eyinhloko yokudluliswa kwamandla, ukunemba kokulungiswa kwalo kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuhambisana komkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokususa iphutha; esigabeni semanyuwali noma sokulungisa iphutha, isondo lesandla liyisixhumi esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula.
Ukuhlaziywa kwamapharamitha wobukhulu obuyinhloko besondo lesandla
Lapho ukhetha, izilinganiso ezilandelayo kufanele zinakwe:
I-diameter yangaphandle (D): inquma ukukhuliswa kwetorque yesondo lesandla, elihlobene ngokuqondile namandla okudonsa asetshenziswa umsebenzisi
Ububanzi (W): buthinta ukuqina nokubamba ukunethezeka kwesondo lesandla. Ukuncane kakhulu kungase kubangele ukuwohloka, futhi ububanzi kakhulu kuzothinta ukonga isikhala
Imbobo/ukhiye (d × Ukhiye): isebenzisana ne-shaft yokulungisa, ngokuvamile engu-φ10–φ50 mm noma eyenziwe ngokwezinga le-DIN 950, futhi ukubekezelelana okufanayo kanye nokuma kokufaka kufanele kuqinisekiswe.
I-Flange/Flange (F): isetshenziselwa ukukhawulela noma ukusekela, futhi ingakhuphula umthamo we-axial lapho kudingeka
Inombolo nokuma kwezipikha: Amasondo esandla akhulunywayo alula futhi kulula ukuwahlanza, kuyilapho amasondo esandla aqinile enomthamo ophezulu wokulayisha kodwa futhi asindayo.
Ukubalwa kwesidingo setorque nobubanzi besondo lesandla
I-torque isondo lesandla eligxivizayo okudingeka liyinqobe ikakhulukazi livela ekungqubuzaneni kwesikulufu sokuhola namandla okulayisha kuqala engxenye elungisiwe:
Bala torque isiyonke
I-axial thrust F (N) ingatholwa ngamapharamitha wokuklama ithuluzi lomshini noma izilinganiso
I-coefficient ye-lead screw friction μ, ngokuya ngohlobo lwentambo (trapezoidal noma ibhola)
I-Torque T=F × (i-lead/(2π) + μ× dm/2) (N·m), lapho u-dm kuwuchungechunge oluphakathi kobubanzi
Nquma ububanzi besondo lesandla
Ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bokudonsa ngamandla P (N) angasetshenziswa umsebenzisi, amandla okudonsa okuphepha komzimba womuntu ngokuvamile angaba ngu-356 N njengevelu elondolozayo.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwetorque yesondo lesandla nobubanzi buthi T=P × D/2 (N·m), okungukuthi, D=2T/P
Uma okokusebenza kudinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha izikhathi eziningi, ububanzi bungakhuliswa ngokufanelekile; uma isayithi lilinganiselwe, indawo nokusebenza kahle kufanele kucatshangelwe
Ifomula engenhla ingalinganisela ngokushesha ububanzi obungaphandle besondo lesandla obuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zetorque futhi iliqhathanise nezicaciso ezijwayelekile ukuze uqedele ukukhetha okumaholo.
I-Ergonomics kanye nomkhawulo we-torque
Ezitshalweni zokugxiviza, opharetha bangenza izinguquko ezenziwa ngesandla isikhathi eside, ngakho usayizi nomuzwa wesondo lesandla kuthinta ngqo i-ergonomics:
Itorque evunguzayo enconyiwe akufanele idlule ku-40 N·m ukugwema ukukhathala
Ngezidingo ezinkulu ze-torque, uhlobo lwe-clutch-noma i-handwheel ene-mechanical force amplifier ingasetshenziswa, njenge-VTH series clutch handwheel, engafinyelela ukudluliswa kokuphepha okuphezulu okwenziwa ngesandla.
Unqenqema lwesondo lesandla kufanele lushiye isikhala esanele sokubamba (ububanzi Bukhulu noma bulingana no-30 mm), futhi lusebenzise idizayini emelene{1}}nokwakheka kokushelelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza ngaphansi kokusebenza okuphindaphindiwe.
Ukufanisa indawo yokufaka nembobo
Ngenxa yesakhiwo esihlangene semishini yokugxiviza, ukukhethwa kwamasondo ezandla nakho kudinga ukucabangela indawo yokufaka:
I-Radial clearance: Qinisekisa ukuthi isondo lesandla aliphazamisi ibakaki eseceleni noma isihlangu sokuphepha lapho lizungezisa.
Isikhala se-axial: Amasondo esandla e-Flange{0}}adinga ukugcina ukujiya kwe-flange futhi akhiye isikhala samantongomane
Imbobo nokhiye: Qiniseka ukuthi ufanisa ububanzi bentambo, ibhande lokubekezelela kanye nezicaciso zokhiye zeshaft yokulungisa. Ukulingana okuvamile i-H7/h6 ne-N6 Keyway
Indlela yokuma: Amanye amasondo ezandla asebenzisa izikhonkwane zokumisa ukuze amise, futhi imifantu yokumisa idinga ukuvulwa egobolondweni.
Uma ukhetha ngempela, ungaqala ulinganise imbobo yokufaka nobukhulu obuzungezile, bese ukuqhathanisa nethebula lesampula lesondo lesandla ukuze ugweme-ukusebenza kabusha kwesayithi.
Ukuguquguquka kwezinto kanye nemvelo
Izimo zokugxiviza zingaphansi kukawoyela, ukuchaphazwa okupholisayo, ukuchaphazwa kwama-chip chips, njll. Impahla yesondo lesandla kumele ibe nezici ezilandelayo:
Ukumelana nokugqwala: amasondo esandla ensimbi engagqwali noma i-anodized aluminium alloy ayanconywa
Ukumelana ne-abrasion: amasondo ezandla epulasitiki (afana ne-PA, i-POM) alungele i-torque ephakathi nendawo nephansi kanye namashabhu ahlanzekile, kodwa kufanele agwenywe lapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma ezindaweni zenhlansi.
Ukumelana nomthelela: amasondo ensimbi ensimbi anokwethenjelwa kakhulu ngaphansi kwezimo eziphezulu zomthelela
I-Antistatic: Uma imishini idinga ukumiswa noma i-antistatic, amapulasitiki obunjiniyela anama-conductive fillers angakhethwa
Ukubeka ukunemba nokuxazulula
Ukunemba okuhle-kokuhlela kokufa kwesitembu ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kube sezingeni elingu-0.01–0.05 mm, elinqunywa isinyathelo sokuzungezisa isondo lesandla kanye nomthofu wesikulufu sokuhola:
Uma ukuhola kungu-2 mm / ukujika, ukuzungeza okukodwa okugcwele (360 degree) kuhambisana nokushaywa kwe-2 mm; ukulungiswa ≈0.0056 mm/degree
Uma isondo lesandla limakwe ngokudayela, lingafaniswa nesikalo sokumisa ukuze linikeze indawo yokulungisa ephindaphindekayo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinembayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwesondo lesandla elinesishumeki noma inkomba kungakhethwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukufundwa kwedijithali nokulawula{0}}iluphu evaliwe.
Umthelela wesakhiwo sesondo lesandla ekukhethweni
Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zamasondo esandla yilezi:
I-Spoke: isisindo esilula, kulula ukusabalalisa ama-chips, kodwa i-torque encane ene-torque; ilungele izinto zokusebenza zokugxiviza{0}ezimaphakathi nezincane
I-Solid disc: umthamo wokuthwala okuphezulu, ukuthinta okuqinile, kodwa isisindo esinzima nezindleko; ilungele itorque ephezulu noma izikhathi zomthwalo osindayo
Ngesibambo: isibambo singangezwa ku-radial ngaphandle ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokulungiswa okusheshayo
Hlukanisa/uvuleke: kulungele ukufakwa{0}} nokulungisa okuthunyelwe, kulungele izindawo ezinendawo yokuhlanganisa elinganiselwe
Kuhlanganiswe nezimo zangempela zokunakekela kanye nezidingo zokuhlanza zesitshalo sokugxiviza, isakhiwo singakhethwa ngokuguquguqukayo.
Ukuhambisana namazinga nokuvikelwa kokuphepha
Amasondo ezandla asetshenziswa emshinini wokugxiviza isitembu kufanele athobele imboni elandelayo noma amazinga omhlaba:
I-DIN 950/ISO 6411: Ubukhulu obubalulekile nokubekezelelwa kwamasondo ezandla
I-ASME B18.3: Imicu yesondo lesandla nezinto ezifanayo
I-CE/EMC: Uma isondo lesandla lihlanganiswe nedivayisi yokufunda ye-elekthronikhi, isitifiketi sokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic siyadingeka.
I-ATEX: Ezindaweni ezivuthayo neziqhumayo, okokusebenza kwesondo lesandla kumele kube okumelana-nokungashintshi noma ukuqhuma{1}
Ukwengeza, ikhava eyisivikelo noma iringi yomkhawulo kufanele isethwe eduze kwesondo lesandla ukuvikela ukuthinta ngengozi noma ukuchaphaza izinto ukuthi zingalimazi opharetha.
Iziphakamiso ezisebenzayo zokukhetha kanye nokwabelana kwecala
Icala 1: Ukulungiswa okuhle kobude bokufa komshini omncane wokugxiviza amapuleti
Isidingo se-torque: mayelana ne-8 N · m; Amandla amakhulu okudonsa abantu angama-250 N
Ukukhethwa: isondo lesandla sediski eliqinile, ububanzi obungu-80 mm, lifaniswa ne-screw lead 1.5 mm, ukufeza ukulungiswa okungu-0.004 mm/degree
Material: i-aluminium anodized, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle
Ikesi 2: -ukuhlolwa kokucindezela okukhulu kwe-tonnage deep kufa
Isidingo se-torque: 25 N · m; indawo elinganiselwe
Ukukhethwa: isibambo sohlobo-sohlobo olukhulunywayo, ububanzi obungu-150 mm, nesibambo esishintshayo esisheshayo, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokulungiswa okusheshayo
Engeza ukudayela ukuze uthole indawo ephindaphindwayo
Amaphuzu abalulekile enqubo yokukhetha
Qala ngokubala i-torque bese ugcine u-20% wemaliji yokuphepha
Bese uqinisekisa isikhala sokufaka kanye nokufana kokuvula
Okokugcina, khetha ukwakheka okufanelekile kanye nezinto ezitholakala kusisekelo sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zemvelo nokunemba
Isifinyezo
Ngokwezimo zokusebenza ezihlukene kanye nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokugxiviza, ukukhethwa kosayizi nohlobo lwesondo lesandla kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezidingo zetorque, i-ergonomics, indawo yokufaka, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, ukunemba kokuma, kanye nefomu lesakhiwo. Ngokubala kwetorque ehlelekile kanye nokubala emuva kwedayamitha yangaphandle, indawo ezwakalayo yokuvula kanye nokufanisa ukhiye, idizayini enembile yokucaca, futhi kuhlanganiswe nolwazi{1}}lwezikesi zesayithi, ukukhethwa okunembile kwamasondo ezandla kungaqedwa ngokushesha. Amasondo ezandla anengqondo awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokulungiswa kanye nokunethezeka kokusebenza, kodwa futhi ayisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuphepha kokukhiqiza isitembu. Kunconywa ukuthi abasebenzisi baxhumane ngokugcwele nomhlinzeki wesondo lesandla noma benze ukuqinisekiswa kwesampula ngaphambi kokukhetha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwesondo lesandla elikhethiwe ezimweni zangempela zokusebenza.
