Amasondo ezandla angamathuluzi awusizo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni. Nakuba zisetshenziswa kabanzi, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zingadinga amasondo ezandla ahluke kakhulu. Isibonelo, isondo lesandla elisetshenziselwa ucezu lomshini olusindayo endaweni enzima lingase lingabi isondo lesandla elifanayo elisetshenziselwa umshini wokuthunga omncane endaweni evamile. Ngamanye amazwi, kubalulekile ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele lomsebenzi ofanele.
Isondo lesandlaIncazelo- Kalula nje, amasondo ezandla ayizingxenye zokulawula ezakhiwe isondo elilawulwa ngesandla. Amasondo ezandla omshini aklanyelwe ukulungiswa kanye nokubotshwa ngomshini ozungezisayo futhi avame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa ama-valve, ukucindezela, nezingxenye zomshini.
Abaklami bemishini, onjiniyela bemishini, izisebenzi zokunakekela, nezinye izingcweti eziningi zobuchwepheshe ziyakubona ukubaluleka-kwamasondo ezandla ezimboni ezisindayo ezinhlelweni eziningi. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapho isondo lesandla lidingeka, kodwa hlobo luni lwe-handwheel oluzofanela kangcono uhlelo lokusebenza. Ukukhetha isondo lesandla elilungile kubalulekile njengoba ingxenye izoba nomthelela oqondile ekunembeni, ukusebenza kokusebenza, kanye nokuphepha kukonke.
Ukusiza ekukhetheni isondo lesandla lomshini elilungile, sizobheka kabanzi:
1.Imisebenzi Yesondo Lesandla, Osayizi, Izinto kanye Nezitayela
2.Handle vs No Hand Handwheels
4.Ukulungiselela Isondo Lesandla: Amabhore, Izindlela Eziyinhloko kanye Nokubhula
5.Imikhiqizo Ehlobene Nezesekeli
6.Amazinga wesondo lesandla kanye nabakhiqizi
Imisebenzi yesondo lesandla, osayizi, okokusebenza nezitayela
Injongo yesondo lesandla iwukuqedela umsebenzi owufunayo, futhi le misebenzi iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye. Imisebenzi emibili evame kakhulu yesondo lesandla lomshini ihlanganisa ukulungisa ama-valve kanye nemishini yokulungisa. Ukulungiswa kwe-valve kuhilela ukunyakaza kwesondo lesandla ukuze uvule noma uvale i-valve, elawula ukuhamba kwezinto (uketshezi noma umoya). Ukulungiswa kwemishini kuhilela ukunyakaza kwesondo lesandla ukuze wenze izinguquko eziqondile noma ukulungisa.
Ngalokhu kuhlukahluka kokusebenza okufunayo, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningiosayizi, izinto zokwakha, futhiizitayelawamasondo ezandla ukuze alingane nohlelo ngalunye.
Amasayizi Amasondo Esandla
Amasondo Esandla Amancane Ububanzi: Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga amandla amancane futhi ngokuvamile zingalawulwa ngeminwe noma ngesandla esisodwa. Amasondo ezandla amancane amancane ngokuvamile enziwe ngezinto ezilula njengepulasitiki.
Amasondo Esandla Amakhulu Ububanzi: Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga amandla amakhulu. Amasondo ezandla amakhulu amakhulu ngokuvamile enziwa ngezinto eziqinile njengensimbi ecijile.
I-handwheel Materials
Insimbi amasondo ezandla ayisinqumo esihle semisebenzi edinga amandla aphezulu nokuqina. Ziyakwazi ukumelana nokuguqulwa futhi zitholakala ku-chrome nakwamanye ama-finishing, kodwa zinzima uma isisindo siyisici.
I-Aluminiumamasondo ezandla alula kunozakwabo-wensimbi futhi amelana kakhulu ne-oxidation (rust). Uma kudingeka conductivity kagesi noma ezishisayo, i-aluminium ingaba inketho enhle.
Ipulasitiki amasondo ezandla aqinile futhi angakwazi ukumelana nezincibilikisi, amafutha, amafutha, namanye amakhemikhali. Izinketho zokubumba zingabandakanya ukubamba kanye nama-ridges athuthukisa amandla omqhubi nokusebenza kahle ngisho nalapho egqoke amagilavu. Amapulastiki ngokuvamile anezinketho eziningi zombala nokuthungwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi.
I-Duroplasticamasondo ezandla afaka ingilazi- noma inayiloni{1}}i-fiber reinforcement ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla nokuqina.
Insimbi engagqwaliamasondo ezandla angasebenza ezinhlelweni ezidinga i-alkali namanye ukumelana namakhemikhali. Ukuguqulwa kokusakaza kungabandakanya izibambo ezijikelezayo, izibambo, nezinye izinketho zedizayini.
Insimbiamasondo ezandla, kuyilapho engagqwali kancane-ekwazi ukumelana nensimbi engagqwali, angaba namandla aphezulu{1}kanye nokukhetha{2}}ukucindezela okuphezulu.
Izitayela zamasondo esandla
Ukucatshangelwa okuningi kuyafaneleka uma uqhathanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitayela zamasondo esandla. Lokhu kucatshangelwa kubandakanya, kodwa akugcini nje; usayizi womsebenzi, amandla asetshenzisiwe, i-engeli yendlela yokusondela, izidingo zokukhucululwa kwendle, ukubukeka kobuhle, njll. Ngezansi sixoxa ngezinhlobo zezitayela zamasondo esandla futhi sinikeza ukucatshangelwa okusebenzayo kwaleyo naleyo:
Wakhuluma amasondo ezandla avamise ukuba lula kunamasondo esandla aqinile, ayisicaba{0}ediski futhi akwazi ukusingatha{1}izidingo zetorque eziphezulu ikakhulukazi kumasayizi amakhulu. Njengoba izikhulumi ziyimiklamo evulekile, zingase zibhekwe njengezindawo zokuncinza uma izidingo zokuphepha ziqinile.
Isicabaamasondo ezandla ayizakhiwo eziqinile ezingasebenza njenge-knob noma i-crank ngaphezu kwesondo.
Isidloamasondo ezandla abizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi ububanzi bangaphandle buyi-offset ngezinjongo zokusebenza noma zobuhle. Angakhulunywa noma aqine.
I-Clutch yokuphephaamasondo ezandla ahlanganisa i-clutch mechanism evimbela isondo lesandla ukuthi lingashintshi ne-mandrel ngenkathi umshini usebenza, uvikela u-opharetha. Kuye ngomklamo, ukusunduza isondo lesandla ku-mandrel (noma ukudonsa isondo lesandla) kukhulula i-clutch yokwenza izinguquko.
I-EMW kanye ne-IR monospokedamasondo ezandla anendawo yokuvuleka-emise okuka-U ukuze ifinyelele i-axial futhi ivimbele iminwe ukuthi ingasheleli.
Handle vs No Handle Handwheels
Ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga isondo lesandla elingenaso isibambo uma kudingeka ukunyakaza okuningi kwesondo lokuqondisa, kuyilapho{0}}izimo zetorque eziphezulu zingadinga isibambo ukuze usebenze kalula. Izibambo zingaba yinsimbi noma ipulasitiki, ezijikelezayo noma{2}}zingajikijeli, umshini{3}}oluchungechunge noma ucindezele{4}}ukulingana, futhi zingahle zakhelwe ukubamba ngokunethezeka ngezandla noma amagilavu. Ukucatshangelwa kwe-ergonomic okufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isibambo ngokwemvelo siyi-protrusion futhi singachazwa njengengozi yokuphepha kwezinye izindawo. Inketho eyodwa yokubhekana nalokhu isibambo esigoqekayo noma "sokuphepha", esigoqa emzimbeni wesondo lesandla ngemuva kokusetshenziswa. Ngezansi sixoxa ngezinhlobo zezitayela zokubamba ezitholakalayo futhi sinikeze ukucatshangelwa okusebenzayo kwalowo nalowo:
Awekho-Ama-Handle Handwheels: Ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukunyakaza okufana nesiteringi.
Songa-Ama-Away Handwheels:Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezibambo ezisongayo-ezikude, ezizenzakalelayo kanye nezandla.
Izibambi ezisongayo{0}}ezikudeakhiyelwe endaweni lapho u-opharetha eyidonsa futhi eyiphusha nge-axially ngasesondo lesandla. Lapho u-opharetha eseqedile ukusetshenziswa, isibambo siyavuleka futhi sizobuyela emgodini.
Izibambi ezisonga mathupha{0}}ezikude zisetshenziswa ngokudonsa isibambo ukuze usikhiyele endaweni kanye nokusunduza isibambo sibuyele emgodini lapho sesiqediwe.
Amasondo eHandle ajikelezayo:Ilungele amasondo esandla amancane lapho isilawuli sidingeka khona futhi isidingo setorque siphansi.
Amasondo Okubamba Iminwe: Lawa masondo ezandla anemiphetho eyizingibe kupherimitha yesondo yangaphandle noma yangaphakathi futhi asetshenziselwa ukulawula nokubambelela okwengeziwe. Ivamise ukutholakala ngesibambo nangaphandle kwayo.
Izitayela zehabhu
Njengoba amasondo ezandla evame ukujika nhlangothi zombili, ukulinganisa okufanele kusho ukuthi agxunyekwe ku-shaft futhi ajike ngehabhu yawo emaphakathi. Uma ukhetha isondo lesandla kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amasondo esandla angase adinge ukukhishwa futhi{1}}afakwe kabusha lapho kuseviswa imishini. Amanye amahabhu acindezelwa endaweni kuma-splines e-shaft, amanye ahlanganiswe ukuze afakwe ngesikulufu endaweni, kanti amanye angashiselwa. Ihabhu le-handwheel elikhethiwe liwuguquko olubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha isondo lesandla ukuncoma imishini ehlukahlukene. Izitayela zehabhu zihlanganisa:
I-Square Hub Handwheel
I-Hex Hub Handwheel
Isondo-lomjikelezo we-Hub Handwheel
I-Screw Set Hub Handwheel
Ukulungiselela Isondo Lesandla: Amabhore, Izindlela Ezibalulekile kanye Nokubhula
Izithukuthezi
Ibhobo imbobo etholakala phakathi nendawo yesondo lesandla. Ngokwesiko amabhobho ayimbobo elula engena ngqo esondo lesandla. Izimbobo ezibhobozayo ziklanywe ngezindlela eziningi ukuze kuvunyelwe amasondo ezandla ukuthi asuswe, futhi afakwe, njengoba kudingeka ekusebenzeni okuhlukahlukene. Amasondo ezandla kumele akwazi ukususwa, kodwa nawo adinga ukukhiywa ukuze avuleke ngempumelelo. Sifake imiklamo evamile ye-bore ngezansi:
I-hexagonal bore ene-set screw
Uhhafu wesikwele shaft onesikulufa esisethiwe
Ishafu ecijile enebhawodi yokukhiya
Ishafi enentambo enebhawodi lokukhiya
Cindezela i-fit shaft
I-shaft ehlukanisiwe
Ukhiye wokufaka shaft
Okhiye
Ukulungisa ukhiye, noma ukufaka okhiye kumasondo akho esandla, kungaba isici esiwusizo. Ebunjiniyela bemishini, ukhiye uxhuma into yomshini ojikelezayo ku-shaft. Ukhiye uvimbela ukuzungezisa okuhlobene phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili futhi uvumela ukudluliswa kwe-torque. Ukuze ukhiye usebenze, i-shaft nento yomshini ozungezayo kufanele ibe nokhiye kanye nesihlalo sokhiye, okuyi-slot nephakethe lapho ukhiye ungena khona. Kalula nje, isondo lesandla libekwa ku-shaft, bese ukhiye uphushwa ku-slot yayo ukuze ikhiye endaweni yayo. Sifake izinhlobo zokhiye abajwayelekile ngezansi:
Imbobo ebhorekile
Imbobo ebhorekile enokhiye
Imbobo ebhokile enembobo yokubeka phezu kokhiye
Imbobo ebhorekile enembobo yokubeka
Imbobo ebhorekile enezimbobo ezi-2 ze-setscrew at 90 degrees
Broaching
I-handwheel broaching isetshenziswa kakhulukazi ukusika okhiye bangaphakathi-abanamakhona angaphakathi. I-broach ethize, i-bushing kanye negayidi isetshenziswa esigabeni ngasinye{2}}sokhiye ongukhiye, okwenza le nqubo ibize kakhulu kunezinye izindlela eziningi, njengokugaya. Nokho, ingakhiqiza ukhiye onembe kakhulu kuzo zonke izinqubo.
QAPHELA: Uzothola abahlinzeki abaningi bamasondo esandla bathumela imikhiqizo yabo ingakaqedwa ukuze amakhasimende azenzele imishini noma athole ezinye izindlela zokuzilungisa, ezingathinta ikhwalithi nokusebenza futhi zengeze izindleko.
Hangzhou Xiaoshan Chuangye MetalI-Supply izosebenza nawe ukuze uqinisekise umkhiqizo ongcono kakhulu wohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzeka ngomshini owengeziwe, ukubhola, ukuthepha, ukubumba, kanye nezinketho zokuqeda.
Imikhiqizo Ehlobene Nezesekeli
Ngokuvamile, izingxenye ezengeziwe ziyadingeka ukuze kwandiswe ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusebenziseka kalula.
Amabherephakathi kwesondo lesandla kanye ne-shaft yalo inganikeza ukunyakaza okushelelayo futhi inikeze ukuzinza nokulawula okwengeziwe.
Izinkomba Zesikhundlababe namasethi egiya ashayelwa i-shaft engalawula ibanga phakathi kwamarola, ama-valve avulekile navaliwe futhi uma kungenjalo abale futhi aqaphe izinhlelo zokusebenza-ezinyakazayo.
Izindandatho zokuthweswa iziquingafakwa kumasondo esandla ukuze uthole indawo eqondile ekhombisayo. Okunye ukuma-okubonisa ukuthi amasondo esandla anokudayela noma obunye ubuso ukuze abonise ngokunembile indawo ye-shaft yokulawula futhi anike amandla isisebenzisi ukuthi sibuyele kulezi zilungiselelo ngqo ngaphandle kokuqagela.
Izibambo zeCrankokwengezwe kusondo lesandla kuvumela ukuthi isondo liphothwe ngesivinini esisheshayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda kwamandla asetshenziswayo.
Ukubamba
I-Parallel Shaft Keys
Amazinga wesondo lesandla kanye nabakhiqizi
Ngokuya ngohlelo lwakho lokusebenza (nendawo okuyo), izindinganiso zomkhakha zikhona uma kuqhathaniswa nomklamo nokusebenza kwamasondo esandla futhi zinganikeza ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo:
II-American National Standards Institute (ANSI)isungula futhi inikeze amazinga embonini yase-US. Okuningi kwalokhu kuhlobene-nokuphepha, ikakhulukazi lapho amalebula nezimpawu ziphathelene nezilawuli ezenziwa ngesandla nemishini.
I-MIL H-9859isicaciso sezempi esimboza amasondo ezandla okuhweba amayintshi amathathu ububanzi noma ngaphezulu, adizayinelwe ukudlulisa amandla okwenziwa ngesandla ku-shaft. Isebenza enkontilekeni yoMnyango Wezokuvikela (DOD) nayo yonke iminyango nama-ejensi awo.
I-GOSTibhekisela eqoqweni lamazinga obuchwepheshe anakekelwa yi-Euro-i-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (EASC), inhlangano yamazinga yesifunda esebenza ngaphansi kwe-Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). I-GOST 31.0101.01 ihlanganisa ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwamasondo ezandla kanye namalevu nezibambo. I-GOST 21752 ichaza izidingo ezijwayelekile ze-ergonomic zamasondo ezandla.
I-MSS SP-91-2009izinga elikhishwe i-Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valves and Fittings Industry elise-Vienna, eVirginia, eliphathelene nemihlahlandlela yokusebenza mathupha kwamavalvu. Iwusizo ekulinganiseni amasondo esandla ekusebenzeni kwe-valve.
II-Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES)(hfes.org) iwumthombo ocebile we-ergonomics nemiqondo yezinto zomuntu njengokucatshangelwa kwamandla omuntu, i-engeli yendlela yokusondela, amandla asetshenzisiwe, nezinye izindaba ezihlobene nokusebenza komuntu ngisho nokuzenzakalelayo kwezisetshenziswa.
IUkulawulwa Kwezokuphepha Nezempilo Emsebenzini (OSHA)iyigatsha loMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-United States. Ulwazi oluningi oluhlobene nomklamo womshini wezimboni ophephile lungatholakala kule nhlangano.
Abakhiqizi abahamba phambili basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe bahlanganisaI-Hangzhou Xiaoshan Chuangye Metal Processing Co., Ltd.,Elesa, Flair Industries, JW Winco, Jergens, Kipp, and Valtra.
